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J Am Soc Nephrol 10:752-759, 1999
© 1999 American Society of Nephrology


REGULAR ARTICLES

IFN-{gamma} Mediates Crescent Formation and Cell-Mediated Immune Injury in Murine Glomerulonephritis

A. RICHARD KITCHING, STEPHEN R. HOLDSWORTH and PETER G. TIPPING

Centre for Inflammatory Diseases, Monash University, Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.

Correspondence to Dr. A. Richard Kitching, Monash University Department of Medicine, Monash Medical Centre, 246 Clayton Road, Clayton 3168, Victoria, Australia. Phone: 61 3 9550 5543; Fax: 61 3 9550 5524; E-mail: richard.kitching{at}med.monash.edu.au

Abstract. Features of crescentic glomerulonephritis suggest that it results from a T helper 1 (Th1) nephritogenic immune response. Interferon-{gamma} (IFN-{gamma}), produced by Th1 cells, is involved in T cell-directed macrophage activation in effector Th1 responses. The hypothesis that endogenous IFN-{gamma} contributes to the development of crescentic glomerulonephritis was tested by comparing the development of glomerulonephritis (induced by a planted antigen) and immune responses in normal C57BL/6 mice (IFN-{gamma} +/+) and in mice genetically deficient in IFN-{gamma} (IFN-{gamma} -/-). Ten days after the initiation of glomerulonephritis, IFN-{gamma} -/- mice developed fewer glomerular crescents (5 ± 1% versus 26 ± 3%, P < 0.005), less severe glomerular injury, and less renal impairment. Effectors of delayed-type hypersensitivity (CD4+ T cells, macrophages, and fibrin) in glomeruli were reduced in IFN-{gamma} -/- mice. Skin delayed-type hypersensitivity to sheep globulin was reduced. Total antigen-specific Ig and splenocyte interleukin-2 production were unchanged, but antigen-specific serum IgG2a was reduced. Markers of an antigen-specific Th2 response (serum IgG1, splenocyte interleukin-4) were unchanged. Studies 22 d after the initiation of glomerulonephritis showed that IFN-{gamma} -/- mice still had fewer crescents (11 ± 2% versus 22 ± 3%, P = 0.02) and glomerular CD4+ T cells and macrophages than IFN-{gamma} +/+ mice. These studies demonstrate that endogenous IFN-{gamma} mediates crescentic glomerulonephritis by promoting cell-mediated immune injury. They support the hypothesis that crescentic glomerulonephritis is a manifestation of a Th1 nephritogenic immune response.




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