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J Am Soc Nephrol 11:1873-1881, 2000
© 2000 American Society of Nephrology

Urinary Aquaporin 2 and Calciuria Correlate with the Severity of Enuresis in Children

GIOVANNA VALENTI*, ANTONIA LAERA*, GIUSEPPE PACE{dagger}, GABRIELLA ACETO{ddagger}, MARIA L. LOSPALLUTI{ddagger}, ROSA PENZA{ddagger}, FRANCESCO P. SELVAGGI{dagger}, MARIA L. CHIOZZA§ and MARIA SVELTO*

* Department of General and Environmental Physiology, University of Bari, Italy.
{dagger} Department of Emergency and Transplantation (DETO), University of Bari, Italy.
{ddagger} Department of Developmental Age Biomedicine, University of Bari, Italy.
§ Department of Pediatrics, University of Padova, Italy.

Correspondence to Dr. Giovanna Valenti, Dipartimento di Fisiologia Generale ed Ambientale, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy. Phone: 390-805-443-444; Fax: 390-805-443-388; E-mail: g.valenti{at}biologia.uniba.it

Abstract. This study examined the hypothesis that nocturnal enuresis might be paralleled by aquaporin 2 (AQP2) urinary excretion. Eighty children who experienced nocturnal enuresis were studied and compared with 9 healthy children. The 24-h urine samples were divided into two portions: night collections and day collections. Creatinine equivalents of urine samples from each patient were analyzed by Western blotting. AQP2 levels were semiquantified by densitometric scanning and reported as a ratio between the intensity of the signal in the day urine sample versus the night urine sample (D/N AQP2 ratio). The D/N AQP2 ratio was 0.59 ± 0.11 (n = 9) in healthy children and increased to 1.27 ± 0.24 (n = 10) in a subpopulation of enuretic children who had low nocturnal vasopressin levels. In enuretic children who displayed hypercalciuria and had normal vasopressin levels, the D/N AQP2 ratio was 1.05 ± 0.27 (n = 8). These data indicate that reduced secretion of vasopressin and absorptive hypercalciuria are independently associated with an approximately twofold increase in the urinary D/N AQP2 ratio. When low nocturnal vasopressin levels were associated with hypercalciuria, a nearly threefold increase in the D/N AQP2 ratio was observed (1.67 ± 0.41, n = 11). In addition, in all enuretic patients tested, the urinary D/N AQP2 ratio correlates perfectly with the severity of the disorder (nocturnal polyuria). The findings reported in this article indicate that urinary AQP2 correlates with the severity of enuresis in children.




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