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*
Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam,
Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Department of Cell Physiology, University of Nijmegen, The
Netherlands
Diaclone, Besançon, France
§
Renal Division, Emory University School of Medicine and Veterans Affair
Medical Center, Atlanta, Georgia.
Correspondence to Dr. José G. van den Berg, Department of Pathology, L2-256, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Phone: +31 20 566 4935; Fax: +31 20 696 0389; E-mail: j.g.vandenberg{at}amc.uva.nl
Abstract. In minimal change nephrosis (MCN), proteinuria is
associated with structural changes of the glomerular visceral epithelial cells
(GVEC). The occurrence of MCN has been associated with T-helper2
lymphocyte-dependent conditions. To examine a direct role for type 2 cytokines
in GVEC injury, the expression of interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13 receptors by GVEC
and direct effects of IL-4 and IL-13 on GVEC were studied. Reverse
transcription-PCR showed that isolated human and rat glomeruli and cultured
human and rat GVEC expressed mRNA for IL-4R
, IL-13R
1, and
IL-13R
2. Protein expression of IL-4R
and IL-13R
2 by GVEC
in human kidney biopsies and by cultured human GVEC was detected by
immunohistochemistry. Western blotting demonstrated phosphorylation of STAT6
in cultured GVEC upon incubation with IL-4 or IL-13. This indicated signal
transduction via the heterodimeric receptor complex IL-4R2, which is composed
of the IL-4R
and the IL-13R
1. Direct effects on GVEC function
were examined in monolayer experiments. IL-4 and IL-13 dose-dependently
decreased transepithelial electrical resistance of monolayers of rat GVEC to
approximately 30 and 40% of baseline values, respectively. The transepithelial
electrical resistance decrease was associated with a significant increase in
short-circuit current, whereas no changes were observed in the transmonolayer
flux of the macromolecules horseradish peroxidase (molecular weight, 44 kD)
and 14C-mannitol (molecular weight, 182 Da). No changes in cell
structure were observed with electron microscopy. It is concluded that by
binding to specific IL-4/IL-13 receptors, IL-4 and IL-13 can exert specific
effects on GVEC function, which could be of pathogenetic relevance for
glomerular injury in MCN.
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