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Oxidized LDL Suppresses NF-B and Overcomes Protection from Apoptosis in Activated Endothelial Cells

KATHRIN HEERMEIER^*, WOLFGANG LEICHT^*, ALOIS PALMETSHOFER, MARKUS ULLRICH^*, CHRISTOPH WANNER^* and JAN GALLE^*

^* University Hospital, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.
Institute of Clinical Biochemistry and Pathobiochemistry, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany.

Correspondence to Dr. Jan Galle, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Hospital Würzburg, Joseph-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany. Phone: 49-931-201-3477; Fax: 49-931-201-5337; E-mail: j.galle{at}medizin.uni-wuerzburg.de

Abstract. Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease associated with enhanced apoptotic cell death in vascular cells, partly induced by oxidized low-density lipoprotein (OxLDL). However, proinflammatory stimuli such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or tumor necrosis factor- (TNF-) activate endothelial cells (EC) and inhibit apoptosis through induction of nuclear factor B (NF-B)-dependent genes. This study therefore investigated whether OxLDL or its component, lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), interacts with the effect of LPS or TNF- on cell survival. Human EC were incubated with LPS, TNF-, OxLDL, or LPC alone or in combinations. OxLDL (100 to 200 µg/ml) and LPC (100 to 300 µM) induced apoptosis dose-dependently. LPS and TNF- had no effect on cell survival in the presence or absence of OxLDL or LPC. LPS and TNF- both induced the antiapoptotic gene A20, whereas OxLDL and LPC suppressed its induction. Expression of A20 is regulated by NF-B. OxLDL and LPC dose-dependently suppressed NF-B activity. For functional analysis, bovine EC were transfected with A20 encoding expression constructs in sense and antisense orientation. Bovine EC that overexpressed A20 were protected against OxLDL-induced apoptosis, whereas expression of antisense A20 rendered cells more sensitive to OxLDL. These results suggest that OxLDL not only induces cell death, as has been shown before, but also compromises antiapoptotic protection of activated EC. OxLDL sensitizes EC to apoptotic triggers by interfering with the induction of A20 during the inflammatory response seen in atherosclerotic lesions. This inhibition is based on repression of NF-B activation. The effect may be caused by the OxLDL component LPC.

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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Nephrology. Online ISSN: 1533-3450 Print ISSN: 1046-6673