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Distinct Molecular and Morphogenetic Properties of Mutations in the Human HNF1 Gene That Lead to Defective Kidney Development

Silvia Bohn^*, Heike Thomas^*, Gülüzar Turan^*, Sian Ellard, Coralie Bingham, Andrew T. Hattersley and Gerhart U. Ryffel^*

*Institut für Zellbiologie, Universitätsklinikum Essen, Essen, Germany; and Diabetes and Vascular Medicine, Peninsula Medical School, Exeter, Devon, United Kingdom.

Correspondence to Gerhart U. Ryffel, Institut für Zellbiologie (Tumorfor-schung), Universitätsklinikum Essen, D-45122 Essen, Germany. Phone: 0049-201-723-3110; Fax: 0049-201-723-5905;

ABSTRACT. The homeobox transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 1 (HNF1) is a tissue-specific regulator that plays an essential role in early vertebrate development. In humans, heterozygous mutations in the HNF1 gene are associated with young-onset diabetes as well as a variety of disorders of renal development with cysts as the most consistent feature. This report compares and classifies nine different HNF1 mutations that lead in humans to distinct renal diseases, including solitary functioning kidney, renal dysplasia, glomerulocystic kidney disease, and oligomeganephronia. Analysis of these mutants in vitro identifies mutants that either retain or lack DNA binding. Investigation of the transactivation potential in transfected cell lines reveals a strict correlation between DNA binding and transactivation. Introduction of these mutants into developing Xenopus embryos shows that these mutants interfere with pronephros development, the first kidney form in amphibian. Whereas three mutants lead in Xenopus to a reduction or agenesis of the pronephric tubules and the anterior part of the duct, six mutants generate an enlargement of the pronephric structures. The differential morphogenetic potential in the developing embryo does not strictly correlate with the properties observed in vitro or in transfected cell lines. This suggests that the functional test in the developing embryo defines features of the HNF1 protein that cannot be assessed in cell cultures. The distinct properties observed in the various HNF1 mutants may guide the classification of the phenotypes observed in patients with a mutated HNF1 gene. E-mail: gerhart.ryffel@uni-essen.de

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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Nephrology. Online ISSN: 1533-3450 Print ISSN: 1046-6673