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Feline Polycystic Kidney Disease Mutation Identified in PKD1

Leslie A. Lyons^*, David S. Biller, Carolyn A. Erdman^*, Monika J. Lipinski^*, Amy E. Young^*, Bruce A. Roe, Baifang Qin and Robert A. Grahn^*

*Department of Population Health and Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, California; Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas; and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Oklahoma, Norman, Oklahoma

Correspondence to Dr. Leslie A. Lyons, 1114 Tupper Hall, Department of Population Health & Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine, One Shields Avenue, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616. Phone: 530-754-5546; Fax: 530-752-4278; E-mail: lalyons{at}ucdavis.edu

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is a commonly inherited disorder in humans that causes the formation of fluid-filled renal cysts, often leading to renal failure. PKD1 mutations cause 85% of ADPKD. Feline PKD is autosomal dominant and has clinical presentations similar to humans. PKD affects 38% of Persian cats worldwide, which is 6% of cats, making it the most prominent inherited feline disease. Previous analyses have shown significant linkage between the PKD phenotype and microsatellite markers linked to the feline homolog for PKD1. In this report, the feline PKD1 gene was scanned for causative mutations and a C>A transversion was identified at c.10063 (human ref NM_000296) in exon 29, resulting in a stop mutation at position 3284, which suggests a loss of 25% of the C-terminus of the protein. The same mutation has not been identified in humans, although similar regions of the protein are truncated. The C>A transversion has been identified in the heterozygous state in 48 affected cats examined, including 41 Persians, a Siamese, and several other breeds that have been known to outcross with Persians. In addition, the mutation is segregating concordantly in all available PKD families. No unaffected cats have been identified with the mutation. No homozygous cats have been identified, supporting the suggestion that the mutation is embryonic lethal. These data suggest that the stop mutation causes feline PKD, providing a test to identify cats that will develop PKD and demonstrating that the domestic cat is an ideal model for human PKD.

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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Nephrology. Online ISSN: 1533-3450 Print ISSN: 1046-6673