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Angiotensin II Increases Pax-2 Expression in Fetal Kidney Cells Via the AT₂ Receptor

Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Boston, Massachusetts

Correspondence to Julie R. Ingelfinger, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts General Hospital, Pediatric Nephrology Unit, Boston, MA 02114-3117. Phone: 617-726-5790; Fax: 617-726-3044; E-mail: jingelfinger{at}partners.org

ABSTRACT. Although both the renin angiotensin system (RAS) and the paired homeobox 2 gene (Pax-2) seem critically important in renal organogenesis, whether and how they might interact has not been addressed. The present study asked whether a link between the RAS and Pax-2 exists in fetal renal cells, speculating that such an interaction, if present, might influence renal development. Embryonic kidney explants and embryonic renal cells (mouse late embryonic mesenchymal epithelial cells [MK4] and mouse early embryonic mesenchymal fibroblasts [MK3]) were used. Pax-2 protein and Pax-2 mRNA were detected by immunofluorescence, Western blot, reverse transcription–PCR, and real-time PCR. Angiotensin II (AngII) upregulated Pax-2 protein and Pax-2 mRNA expression via the AngII type 2 (AT₂) receptor in MK4 but not in MK3 cells. The stimulatory effect of AngII on Pax-2 gene expression could be blocked by PD123319 (AT₂ inhibitor), AG 490 (a specific Janus kinase 2 inhibitor), and genistein (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) but not by losartan (AT₁ inhibitor), SB203580 (specific p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor), PD98059 (specific MEK inhibitor), SP600125 (JNK inhibitor), and diphenyleneiodonium chloride (an NADPH oxidase inhibitor). Moreover, embryonic kidney explants in culture confirmed that AngII upregulates Pax-2 gene expression via the AT₂ receptor. These studies demonstrate that the stimulatory effect of AngII on Pax-2 gene expression is mediated, at least in part, via the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription signaling transduction pathway, suggesting that RAS and Pax-2 interactions may be important in renal development.

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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Nephrology. Online ISSN: 1533-3450 Print ISSN: 1046-6673