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J Am Soc Nephrol 15:1677-1689, 2004
© 2004 American Society of Nephrology

REVIEWS

Discovery of Protein Biomarkers for Renal Diseases

Stephen M. Hewitt*, James Dear{dagger} and Robert A. Star{dagger}

*Tissue Array Research Program, Laboratory of Pathology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute; and {dagger}Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics Unit, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland

Correspondence to Dr. Robert A. Star, Renal Diagnostics and Therapeutics, NIDDK, 10 Center Drive, Building 10, Room 3N108, Bethesda, MD 20892-1268. Phone: 301-402-6749; Fax: 301- 402-0014; E-mail: Robert_Star{at}nih.gov

ABSTRACT. Animal models and human studies have been useful in dissecting the molecular mechanisms of renal disease and finding new disease targets; however, translation of these findings to new clinical therapeutics remains challenging. Difficulties with detecting early disease, measuring drug effectiveness, and the daunting cost of clinical trials hampers the development of new therapeutics for renal diseases. Many existing laboratory tests were discovered because of inspired recognition that a particular protein might prove useful in clinical practice. New unbiased genomic and proteomic techniques identify many constituents present in biologic samples and thus may greatly accelerate biomarker research. This review focuses on the steps needed to develop new biomarkers that are useful in laboratory and clinical investigations, with particular focus on new proteomic screening technologies. New biomarkers will speed the laboratory and clinical development of new treatments for renal diseases through mechanistic insights, diagnoses that are more refined, early detection, and enhanced proof of concept testing.




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