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Imatinib Attenuates Diabetic Nephropathy in Apolipoprotein E-Knockout Mice

Markus Lassila^*, Karin Jandeleit-Dahm^*, Kwee K. Seah^*, Craig M. Smith^*, Anna C. Calkin^*,, Terri J. Allen^* and Mark E. Cooper^*

^* Danielle Alberti Memorial Centre for Diabetes Complications, Wynn Domain, Baker Heart Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; and Department of Medicine, Central and Eastern Clinical School, Monash University, Alfred Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Address correspondence to: Prof. Mark E. Cooper, Baker Heart Research Institute, P.O. Box 6492, Commercial Road, Melbourne 8008, VIC 3004, Australia. Phone: +613-8532-1362; Fax: +613-8532-1480; E-mail: mark.cooper{at}baker.edu.au

In the diabetic kidney, clinical as well as experimental observations have shown an upregulation of growth factors such as PDGF. These studies, however, were not designed to address whether upregulation of PDGF is merely a manifestation of diabetic renal injury or whether PDGF plays an active role in the pathophysiology of diabetic nephropathy. The objectives of this study were first to assess whether PDGF-dependent pathways are involved in the development of diabetic nephropathy and second to determine the effects of PDGF receptor antagonism on this disorder and associated molecular and cellular processes. This study used the diabetic apolipoprotein E-knockout (apoE-KO) mouse, a recently described model of accelerated diabetic nephropathy. Diabetes was induced by injection of streptozotocin in 6-wk-old apoE-KO mice. Diabetic animals received treatment with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor that inhibits PDGF action, imatinib (STI-571, 10 mg/kg per d orally) or no treatment for 20 wk. Nondiabetic apoE-KO mice served as controls. This model of accelerated renal disease with albuminuria as well as glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury was associated with increased renal expression of PDGF-B, proliferating cells, and -smooth muscle actin-positive cells. Furthermore, there was increased accumulation of type I and type IV collagen as well as macrophage infiltration. Imatinib treatment ameliorated both renal functional and structural parameters of diabetes as well as overexpression of a number of growth factors, collagens, proliferating cells, -smooth muscle actin-positive cells, and macrophage infiltration within the kidney. Tyrosine kinase inhibition with imatinib seems to retard the development of experimental diabetic nephropathy.

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