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Cisplatin Nephrotoxicity Is Mediated by Deoxyribonuclease I

Alexei G. Basnakian^*, Eugene O. Apostolov^*, Xiaoyan Yin^*, Markus Napirei, Hans Georg Mannherz and Sudhir V. Shah^*,

^* Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Medical Faculty, Ruhr University-Bochum, Bochum, Germany; and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas

Address correspondence to: Dr. Alexei G. Basnakian, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, 4301 W. Markham Street, #501, Little Rock, AR 72205. Phone: 501-257-1000 ext. 54861; Fax: 501-257-4822; E-mail: basnakianalexeig{at}uams.edu

Cisplatin is commonly used for chemotherapy in a wide variety of tumors; however, its use is limited by kidney toxicity. Although the exact mechanism of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity is not understood, several studies showed that it is associated with DNA fragmentation induced by an unknown endonuclease. It was demonstrated previously that deoxyribonuclease I (DNase I) is a highly active renal endonuclease, and its silencing by antisense is cytoprotective against the in vitro hypoxia injury of kidney tubular epithelial cells. This study used recently developed DNase1 knockout (KO) mice to determine the role of this endonuclease in cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. The data showed that DNase I represents approximately 80% of the total endonuclease activity in the kidney and cultured primary renal tubular epithelial cells. In vitro, primary renal tubular epithelial cells isolated from KO animals were resistant to cisplatin (8 µM) injury. DNase I KO mice were also markedly protected against the toxic injury induced by a single injection of cisplatin (20 mg/kg), by both functional (blood urea nitrogen and serum creatinine) and histologic criteria (tubular necrosis and in situ DNA fragmentation assessed by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase nick end-labeling). These data provide direct evidence that DNase I is essential for kidney injury induced by cisplatin.

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