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Src Activation of NF-B Augments IL-1–Induced Nitric Oxide Production in Mesangial Cells

Diane I. Jalal^* and Bruce C. Kone^*,,

Departments of ^* Internal Medicine and Integrative Biology, Pharmacology and Physiology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston; and the Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases, Houston, Texas

Address correspondence to: Dr. Bruce C. Kone, Departments of Internal Medicine and of Integrative Biology, Pharmacology, and Physiology, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, 6431 Fannin, MSB 1.150, Houston, TX 77030. Phone: 713-500-6502; Fax: 713-500-6497; E-mail:bruce.c.kone{at}uth.tmc.edu

Received for publication July 7, 2005. Accepted for publication October 20, 2005.

NF-B is a critical transcription factor that is involved in glomerulonephritis and inflammatory host responses and a critical transactivator of the inducible nitric oxide (NO) synthase gene in mesangial cells. The Src protein tyrosine kinases (SFK) are involved in several signaling pathways and have been proposed to mediate cytokine activation of NF-B in a few cell types. However, the specific involvement of SFK in IL-1 induction of NO production has not been clearly established. Accordingly, pharmacologic and molecular tools were used to clarify this issue in cultured murine mesangial cells. The SFK antagonist 4-amino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-7-(t-butyl) pyrazolo(3,4-d)pyrimidine (PP2) dramatically inhibited IL-1–mediated induction of endogenous NO production as measured by the Griess reaction, as well as the induction of NF-B p50/p65 DNA-binding activity in gel shift assays and the activity of an NF-B–responsive promoter–reporter construct transiently transfected into the cells. Immunoprecipitation and immunoblotting with anti-IB and anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies revealed that PP2 also inhibited IL-1–stimulated tyrosine phosphorylation of IB, a requisite step in NF-B activation in this signaling cascade. In agreement with the pharmacologic inhibition studies, siRNA directed against c-Src specifically limited c-Src protein expression and inhibited IL-1–mediated induction of NF-B DNA-binding activity, whereas control siRNA had no effect. Conversely, overexpression of constitutively active c-Src augmented basal and IL-1–mediated induction of NF-B DNA-binding activity and NO production. Thus, SFK play a key role in IL-1–induced NO production in mesangial cells and do so via tyrosine phosphorylation of IB and consequent NF-B activation.

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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Nephrology. Online ISSN: 1533-3450 Print ISSN: 1046-6673