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Tight Blood Glucose Control Is Renoprotective in Critically Ill Patients

Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium

Correspondence: Dr. Miet Schetz, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, University of Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. Phone: 32-16-344021; Fax: 32-16-344015; E-mail: marie.schetz{at}uz.kuleuven.ac.be

Received for publication October 5, 2006. Accepted for publication September 11, 2007.

Two large, prospective, randomized, controlled trials have shown a beneficial effect of intensive insulin therapy (IIT) on the kidney function of critically ill patients. The data from these trials were combined for performance of a more detailed analysis of the renoprotective effect of IIT. After exclusion of 41 patients with preadmission ESRD, the study sample comprised 2707 critically ill patients who were randomly assigned to conventional or IIT. A modified risk-injury-failure-loss-ESRD (mRIFLE) system was used to classify acute kidney injury such that mRIFLE-Injury and -Failure (mR-IF) corresponded to peak serum creatinine levels 2x and 3x the admission levels, respectively. IIT significantly reduced the incidence of mR-I or -F from 7.6 to 4.5% (P = 0.0006), and this renoprotective effect was most pronounced in patients who achieved strict normoglycemia. In surgical patients, IIT also significantly reduced oliguria (from 5.6 to 2.6%; P = 0.004) and the need for renal replacement therapy (from 7.4 to 4.0%; P = 0.008). In medical patients, the incidence of mR-I or -F decreased to a lesser extent, perhaps because a greater severity of illness at admission may have rendered preventive therapies less effective. In conclusion, this secondary analysis of two large, randomized, controlled trials suggests that IIT, with a goal of achieving normoglycemia, protects the renal function of critically ill patients.

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