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Phosphorus Binders and Survival on Hemodialysis

Tamara Isakova^*, Orlando M. Gutiérrez, Yuchiao Chang, Anand Shah^*, Hector Tamez^*, Kelsey Smith, Ravi Thadhani^* and Myles Wolf

^* Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida

Correspondence: Dr. Myles Wolf, Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, University of Miami, Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th Street, Miami, FL 33136. Phone: 305-243-4782; Fax: 305-243-8914; E-mail: mwolf2{at}med.miami.edu

Received for publication June 16, 2008. Accepted for publication September 2, 2008.

Although hyperphosphatemia is a risk factor for mortality, there are limited data on whether therapy with phosphorus binders affects survival. We analyzed a prospective cohort study of 10,044 incident hemodialysis patients using Cox proportional hazards analyses to compare 1-yr all-cause mortality among patients who were or were not treated with phosphorus binders. We performed intention-to-treat analyses to compare patients who began treatment with phosphorus binders during the first 90 d after initiating hemodialysis (n = 3555) with those who remained untreated during that period (n = 5055). We also performed as-treated analyses that modeled phosphorus binder treatment as a time-dependent exposure. We compared survival in a subcohort of treated (n = 3186) and untreated (n = 3186) patients matched by their baseline serum phosphate levels and propensity score of receiving phosphorus binders during the first 90 d. One-year mortality was 191 deaths/1000 patient-years at risk. Treatment with phosphorus binders was independently associated with decreased mortality compared with no treatment in the intention-to-treat, as-treated, and matched analyses. The results were independent of baseline and follow-up serum phosphate levels and persisted in analyses that excluded deaths during the first 90 d of hemodialysis. In summary, treatment with phosphorus binders is independently associated with improved survival among incident hemodialysis patients. Although confirmatory studies are needed in the dialysis setting, future placebo-controlled, randomized trials of phosphorus binders might focus on predialysis patients with chronic kidney disease and normal serum phosphate levels.

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