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Plasma Gelsolin and Circulating Actin Correlate with Hemodialysis Mortality

Po-Shun Lee^*, Kartik Sampath, S. Ananth Karumanchi, Hector Tamez, Ishir Bhan, Tamara Isakova, Orlando M. Gutierrez, Myles Wolf, Yuchiao Chang, Thomas P. Stossel^* and Ravi Thadhani

^* Brigham and Women's Hospital, Massachusetts General Hospital, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

Correspondence: Dr. Ravi Thadhani, Bullfinch 127, Massachusetts General Hospital, 55 Fruit Street, Boston, MA 02114. Phone: 617-724-1207; Fax: 617-726-2340; E-mail: rthadhani{at}partners.org

Received for publication September 23, 2008. Accepted for publication January 22, 2009.

Plasma gelsolin (pGSN) binds actin and bioactive mediators to localize inflammation. Low pGSN correlates with adverse outcomes in acute injury, whereas administration of recombinant pGSN reduces mortality in experimental sepsis. We found that mean pGSN levels of 150 patients randomly selected from 10,044 starting chronic hemodialysis were 140 ± 42 mg/L, 30 to 50% lower than levels reported for healthy individuals. In a larger sample, we performed a case-control analysis to evaluate the relationship of pGSN and circulating actin with mortality; pGSN levels were significantly lower in 114 patients who died within 1 yr of dialysis initiation than in 109 survivors (117 ± 38 mg/L versus 147 ± 42 mg/L, P < 0.001). pGSN levels had a graded, inverse relationship with 1-yr mortality, such that patients with pGSN <130 mg/L experienced a >3-fold risk for mortality compared with those with pGSN 150 mg/L. The 69% of patients with detectable circulating actin had lower pGSN levels than those without (127 ± 45 mg/L versus 141 ± 36 mg/L, P = 0.026). Compared with patients who had elevated pGSN and no detectable actin, those with low pGSN levels and detectable actin had markedly increased mortality (odds ratio 9.8, 95% confidence interval 2.9 to 33.5). Worsening renal function correlated with pGSN decline in 53 subjects with CKD not on dialysis. In summary, low pGSN and detectable circulating actin identify chronic hemodialysis patients at highest risk for 1-yr mortality.

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Copyright © 2009 by the American Society of Nephrology. Online ISSN: 1533-3450 Print ISSN: 1046-6673