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Journal of the American Society of Nephrology, Vol 6, 1143-1150, Copyright © 1995 by American Society of Nephrology

REVIEWS

T cell costimulatory pathways: promising novel targets for immunosuppression and tolerance induction

MH Sayegh and LA Turka

It is now accepted that T cells need two signals for full activation. The first is the foreign antigen itself presented by self-major histocompatibility complex and thus provides antigen specificity to the immune response. The second is a "costimulatory" signal, the best- characterized of which is provided through the T cell accessory molecule CD28. In vitro, the blockade of costimulatory signals inhibits T cell activation and induces a state of antigen-specific unresponsiveness. In vivo, agents that block CD28-mediated costimulation have proved extremely effective in inhibiting the immune response in experimental models of transplantation and autoimmune disease, providing novel strategies for use in clinical trials in the near future.


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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Nephrology. Online ISSN: 1533-3450 Print ISSN: 1046-6673