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Received February 20, 2007
Accepted on July 3, 2007

CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY: Clinical Epidemiology

Significance of Frailty among Dialysis Patients

Kirsten L. Johansen ^*1, Glenn M. Chertow , Chengshi Jin , and Nancy G. Kutner

*Nephrology Section, San Francisco VA Medical Center, Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

*Nephrology Section, San Francisco VA Medical Center, Division of Nephrology, University of California, San Francisco, and Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California; and Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia

¹ To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: kirsten.johansen{at}ucsf.edu.

	Abstract

The construct of frailty has been associated with adverse outcomes among elderly individuals, but the prevalence and significance of frailty among patients with end-stage renal disease have not been established. The aim of the current study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of frailty among a cohort of incident dialysis patients and to determine the degree to which frailty was associated with death and hospitalization. We studied a cohort of 2275 adults who participated in the Dialysis Morbidity and Mortality Wave 2 study, of whom two-thirds met our definition of frailty: a composite construct that incorporated poor self-reported physical functioning, exhaustion/fatigue, low physical activity, and undernutrition. Multivariable logistic regression analysis suggested that older age, female sex, and hemodialysis (rather than peritoneal dialysis) were independently associated with frailty. Cox proportional hazards modeling indicated that frailty was independently associated with higher risk of death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 2.24, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.60–3.15) and with the combined outcome of death or hospitalization (adjusted HR 1.63, 95% CI 1.41–1.87). Frailty is extremely common and is associated with adverse outcomes among incident dialysis patients. Given its prevalence and consequences, increased research efforts should focus on interventions aimed to prevent or attenuate frailty in the dialysis population.

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Copyright © 2009 by the American Society of Nephrology. Online ISSN: 1533-3450 Print ISSN: 1046-6673