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Oxidants in Chronic Kidney Disease

Sudhir V. Shah^*, Radhakrishna Baliga, Mohan Rajapurkar and Vivian A. Fonseca

^* University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System, Little Rock, Arkansas; Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi; Department of Nephrology, Muljibhai Patel Urological Hospital, Nadiad, Gujurat, India; and Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana

Address correspondence to: Dr. Sudhir V. Shah, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, 4301 West Markham Street, Slot 501, Little Rock, AR 72205. Phone: 501-257-5832; Fax: 501-257-5827; E-mail: shahsudhirv{at}uams.edu

Chronic kidney disease is a worldwide public health problem that affects approximately 10% of the US adult population and is associated with a high prevalence of cardiovascular disease and high economic cost. Chronic renal insufficiency, once established, tends to progress to end-stage kidney disease, suggesting some common mechanisms for ultimately causing scarring and further nephron loss. This review defines the term reactive oxygen metabolites (ROM), or oxidants, and presents the available experimental evidence in support of the role of oxidants in diabetic and nondiabetic glomerular disease and their role in tubulointerstitial damage that accompanies progression. It concludes by reviewing the limited human data that provide some proof of concept that the observations in experimental models may be relevant to human disease.

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Copyright © 2008 by the American Society of Nephrology. Online ISSN: 1533-3450 Print ISSN: 1046-6673