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Figure 1. TGF- 1 induces Smad2 nuclear localization and phosphorylation. (A) Immunocytochemistry demonstrates that TGF- 1 (10 ng/ml) induces phosphorylated Smad2 (p-Smad2) nuclear localization (dark black nucleus) on tubular epithelial cells (TEC) in a time-dependent manner (x400). Nucleus was counterstained with hematoxylin. Each bar represents mean ± SD for groups of five experiments. (B) Western blot analyses reveal that TGF- 1 (10 ng/ml) induces p-Smad2 in both a time- and dose (30 min)dependent manner. Data represent an example for four experiments. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001 compared with medium control (0).
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