Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
(A) Causes of inpatient utilization (hospitalizations). (B) Causes of inpatient utilization (hospital days).
Tables
- Table 1.
Univariate analyses: inpatient and outpatient utilization per patient-year at riska
Variable First 3 Months After 3 Months Overall Hospital Days Hospitalizations Outpatient Visits Hospital Days Hospitalizations Outpatient Visits Hospital Days Hospitalizations Outpatient Visits aResults are given as number of days in the hospital, number of hospitalizations, and number of outpatient visits per patient-year at risk. ESRD, end-stage renal disease; HMO, health maintenance organization; EPO, erythropoietin. bP <0.05. cP <0.01. dP <0.001. Overall 28.3 4.3 20.5 12.9 1.9 16.1 14.9 2.2 16.6 Age (yr) 18 to 44 3.2 3.2 29.0b 6.2 1.8 14.4c 7.0 1.9 16.8 45 to 64 25.6 3.9 21.1 14.9 2.0 19.9 16.2 2.2 19.6 65 to 75 36.0 4.5 16.5 17.5 2.1 13.9 20.1 2.4 15.7 >75 39.0 6.1 15.9 9.6 1.6 9.8 14.1 2.3 11.0 Gender female 31.9 4.4 19.2 14.5 2.1 14.8 16.6 2.4 15.3 male 24.0 4.2 22.1 1.0 1.5 17.9 12.4 1.9 18.6 Race Caucasian 34.6 4.9 22.0 16.7 1.8 18.1 19.6b 2.3 18.8 non-Caucasian 21.3 3.7 18.9 10.2 2.0 15.6 11.4 2.2 15.8 Cause of ESRD diabetes mellitus 38.9 5.3 23.7 18.8b 2.6b 21.4c 21.8b 3.0b 21.7c non-diabetes mellitus 22.7 3.8 18.9 10.5 1.6 13.9 12.0 1.9 14.5 Insurance non-HMO 33.8c 4.9b 21.4 14.0 2.0 15.6 16.5 2.4 16.3 HMO 6.7 2.1 17.4 7.3 1.2 18.1 7.3 1.4 18.0 First vascular access permanent 22.7b 4.4 17.4b 12.1 2.0 15.2 13.7 2.4 15.5 temporary 41.9 5.2 24.5 14.6 1.8 15.5 16.4 2.1 16.4 Years of dialysis 10/92 to 9/94 37.4 5.1 20.2 26.0d 2.3 16.5 29.2d 3.1 17.5 10/94 to 9/96 20.1 3.2 22.8 9.3 1.6 16.4 10.4 1.8 17.0 10/96 to 12/97 25.0 4.5 17.6 11.6 2.0 15.5 12.8 2.2 15.7 Modality of dialysis peritoneal dialysis 15.5 2.5 22.6 14.2 2.5 18.3 12.3 2.5 16.0 hemodialysis 30.7 4.7 20.1 12.6 1.7 15.3 15.8 2.1 18.7 Timing of referral early 24.4 4.2 21.1 11.9 1.9 16.1 13.6 2.2 16.8 late 42.4 4.8 18.2 16.2 2.0 15.9 19.6 2.4 16.2 Serum albumin (g/dl) <3.5 36.0b 4.8 20.5 16.5b 2.4b 16.7 19.2b 2.7b 17.2 3.5 and high 17.6 3.9 20.7 8.7 1.3 14.9 9.8 1.6 15.6 Hematocrit (%) >28 28.7 4.9 19.5 13.7 2.0 17.0 15.7 2.4 17.3 <28 28.4 3.5 22.2 11.5 1.8 14.9 13.6 2.0 15.7 GFR at initiation of dialysis >5 ml/min per 1.73 m2 31.4 4.8 21.6 14.0 2.0 16.1 16.4 2.3 16.9 <5 ml/min per 1.73 m2 21.0 3.2 17.6 10.6 1.6 15.4 11.9 1.8 15.6 EPO use yes 22.6 3.6 16.2b 14.5 1.8 15.4 15.7 2.0 15.5 no 31.7 4.7 22.9 12.3 2.0 16.4 14.7 2.3 17.2 Ischemic heart disease no 18.4d 3.7 19.6 9.1d 1.5d 15.9 10.2d 1.8d 16.5 yes 46.8 5.5 21.3 23.2 2.9 16.8 27.1 3.3 17.3 Congestive heart failure no 23.1 4.3 21.1 9.6 1.6 15.1 11.3b 1.9 15.8 yes 34.2 4.3 20.3 16.6 2.3 17.3 18.9 2.5 17.7 Peripheral vascular disease no 23.1 3.8 20.2 9.9c 1.7b 15.7 11.6d 1.9b 16.2 yes 43.2 5.7 22.3 22.9 2.1 17.6 25.9 3.1 18.3 Hepatic disease no 29.4 4.3 20.7 12.6 1.7b 15.8 14.7 2.1b 16.4 yes 22.0 4.7 20.8 15.6 3.1 18.5 16.7 3.4 18.8 - Table 2.
Factors associated with hospital utilization (hospital days per patient-year at risk)a
First 3 Months After 3 Months Variable Relative Risk 95% Confidence Interval Relative Risk 95% Confidence Interval aMultivariate model adjusted for the interaction between race and severe anemia. bDiabetes mellitus as a cause of ESRD. Age (yr) 18 to 44 0.4 0.2 to 1.0 0.6 0.2 to 1.7 45 to 64 0.5 0.3 to 1.0 1.0 0.5 to 2.1 65 to 75 0.5 0.3 to 1.0 0.9 0.4 to 1.8 >75 (ref) 1.0 1.0 Female gender (ref = male) 0.9 0.6 to 1.5 1.5 0.8 to 2.7 Diabetes mellitusb (ref = non-diabetes mellitus) 1.6 1.0 to 2.7 1.5 0.9 to 2.7 Insurance non-HMO (ref = HMO) 9.9 2.3 to 42.1 1.3 0.5 to 3.3 Ischemic heart disease present (ref = absent) 1.7 1.0 to 2.8 1.8 1.0 to 3.3 Year of dialysis 10/92 to 9/94 1.6 0.9 to 2.8 2.4 1.3 to 4.4 10/94 to 9/96 1.3 0.7 to 2.5 0.8 0.5 to 1.5 10/96 to 9/98 (ref) 1.0 Late referral (ref = early) 2.0 1.2 to 3.4 1.0 0.5 to 1.9 Temporary access for first dialysis (ref = permanent) 1.9 1.2 to 2.9 1.4 0.8 to 2.4
Hospital Utilization among Chronic Dialysis Patients
Jump to section
More in this TOC Section
Cited By...
- Healthcare Utilization after Acute Kidney Injury in the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit
- Changes in the Profile of Endovascular Procedures Performed in Freestanding Dialysis Access Centers over 15 Years
- The Effect of Lowering LDL Cholesterol on Vascular Access Patency: Post Hoc Analysis of the Study of Heart and Renal Protection
- The Associations between Race and Geographic Area and Quality-of-Care Indicators in Patients Approaching ESRD
- Racial Composition of Residential Areas Associates with Access to Pre-ESRD Nephrology Care
- The Longevity of Arteriovenous Graft for Hemodialysis Patients--Externally Supported or Nonsupported
- Hospital Resource Utilization That Occurs with, Rather than Because of, Kidney Failure in Patients with End-Stage Renal Disease
- Management of Patients with Chronic Renal Insufficiency in the Northeastern United States