Left Ventricular Morphology and Function in Patients with Atherosclerotic Renovascular Disease

Article Figures & Data

Table 1.

Demographic, BP, and echocardiographic data for ARVD and control groups^a

	ARVD		P^b	AOR (95% CI)^c of ARVD	P^d
	No (n = 50)	Yes (n = 79)	P^b	AOR (95% CI)^c of ARVD	P^d
Age (yr)	69 ± 9	71 ± 7	NS	1.04 (0.98 to 1.10)	0.2
Gender					0.9
male	38.0%	58.2%	NS	1
female	62.0%	41.8%		0.93 (0.37 to 2.32)
Diabetes	30.0%	24.1%	NS	0.81 (0.30 to 2.18)	0.7
Ischemic heart disease	22.0%	32.9%	NS	1.56 (0.55 to 4.42)	0.4
eGFR (ml/min)	33 ± 16	36 ± 19	NS	1.01 (0.98 to 1.03)	0.8
24-h urinary protein (g/d)	1.4 ± 2.0	0.4 ± 0.5	<0.001	0.21 (0.07 to 0.62)	0.005
24-h systolic BP (mmHg)	138 ± 17	140 ± 19	NS	1.02 (1.00 to 1.05)	0.07
24-h diastolic BP (mmHg)	75 ± 12	73 ± 13	NS	1.00 (0.96 to 1.04)	0.9
Hemoglobin (g/L)	124 ± 18	127 ± 20	NS	0.99 (0.97 to 1.02)	0.6
LV hypertrophy	46.0%	78.5%	<0.001	5.54 (2.04 to 15.02)	0.001
LVMI (g/m²)	116 ± 33	183 ± 74	<0.001	1.04 (1.02 to 1.05)^f	<0.001
LVEF (%)	57 ± 12	53 ± 12	NS	0.97 (0.94 to 1.01)	0.16
LVEDV index (ml/m²)	34 ± 16	82 ± 35	<0.001	1.18 (1.09 to 1.28)	<0.001
Two or more LV diastolic function abnormalities^e	12.0%	40.5%	<0.001	16.3 (3.9 to 68.5)	0.001

↵^a AOR, adjusted odds ratio; ARVD, atherosclerotic renovascular disease; CI, confidence interval; eGFR, estimated GFR; LV, left ventricular; LVH, LV hypertrophy; LVMI, LV mass index; LVEF, LV ejection fraction; LVEDV, LV end-diastolic volume.
↵^b Compared using the χ² test for categorical variable and ANOVA test for continuous variables.
↵^c Using multiple logistic regression, with the presence (coded 1) or absence (coded 0) of ARVD as the dependent variable and adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, eGFR, 24-h urinary protein, 24-h systolic BP, and hemoglobin.
↵^d Adjusted for age, gender, diabetes, ischemic heart disease, eGFR, 24-h urinary protein, and hemoglobin.
↵^e Categories were combined because no patient in the control group had three diastolic function abnormalities.
↵^f Each 1-g/m² increment in LVMI is associated with a 4% increment in the AOR of ARVD.

Table 2.

Demographic, BP, and echocardiographic data for ARVD patients stratified according to renal function^a

Patients with ARVD (n = 79)	Preserved Renal Function	Moderate Renal Failure	Severe Renal Failure	P
n	16 (20.3%)	35 (44.3%)	28 (35.4%)
Age (yr)	64.1 ± 7.5	72.5 ± 5.6	72.3 ± 7.7	<0.005
eGFR (μmol/L)	68 ± 12	36 ± 7	19 ± 4	<0.001
Proteinuria (g/L)	0.1 ± 0.2	0.3 ± 0.4	0.6 ± 0.6	<0.005
Overall systolic BP (mmHg)	134.6 ± 19.1	140.1 ± 16.1	141.4 ± 22.4	NS
Overall diastolic BP (mmHg)	71.6 ± 8.9	73.1 ± 13.7	72.7 ± 14.0	NS
Overall MAP (mmHg)	93.9 ± 9.9	96.9 ± 13.1	97.1 ± 16.1	NS
LVH (%)	68.8	82.8	78.6	NS
LVMI (g/m²)	148.9 ± 45.5	184.9 ± 69.8	188.3 ± 82.5	NS
LVEF (%)	55.7 ± 14.0	54.9 ± 9.9	48.6 ± 11.9	NS
LVEDD (cm)	5.2 ± 0.6	5.4 ± 0.9	5.4 ± 1.2	NS
LVEDV (ml)	144.0 ± 44.3	134.5 ± 35.7	166.7 ± 87.7	NS
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.7 ± 1.2	4.7 ± 0.9	4.7 ± 1.4	NS
Calcium-phosphate product (mmol/L)	2.4 ± 0.6	2.5 ± 0.5	3.2 ± 0.8	<0.001

Table 3.

LVMI and prevalence of LVH in ARVD patients compared with control patients and stratified according to renal functional grouping

	Control Group (n = 50)	ARVD Group (n = 79)	P
LVMI (g/m²)
preserved renal function	101.1 ± 24.9	148.9 ± 45.5	<0.05
moderate renal failure	110.8 ± 37.5	184.9 ± 69.8	<0.001
severe renal failure	126.7 ± 28.0	188.3 ± 82.5	<0.005
P(between renal function categories)	0.139	0.171
Prevalence of LVH (%)
preserved renal function	33.3	68.8	NS
moderate renal failure	43.5	82.8	<0.05
severe renal failure	52.4	78.6	NS
P(between renal function categories)	0.673	0.173
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.4 ± 1.0	4.7 ± 1.1	NS
Calcium-phosphate product (mmol/L)	3.0 ± 1.0	2.7 ± 0.7	NS

Table 4.

Demographic, BP, and echocardiographic data for residual renal artery patency groups and for unilateral and bilateral renal artery disease groups

Baseline (n = 79)	Mild ARVD	Moderate ARVD	SevereARVD	P	Unilateral ARVD	Bilateral ARVD	P
n	26 (32.9%)	45 (57%)	8 (10.1%)		51 (64.6%)	28 (35.4%)
Age (yr)	71.3 ± 5.0	70.4 ± 8.6	70.3 ± 8.6	NS	70.1 ± 8.1	71.9 ± 6.3	NS
eGFR (ml/min)	36.4 ± 20.6	35.9 ± 18.4	37.7 ± 20.9	NS	37.9 ± 19.2	33.3 ± 19.1	NS
Proteinuria (g/24 h)	0.4 ± 0.4	1.5 ± 0.3	0.5 ± 0.9	NS	0.3 ± 0.4	0.4 ± 0.6	NS
24-h systolic BP (mmHg)	141.0 ± 21.6	138.5 ± 19.1	139.6 ± 9.9	NS	141.5 ± 18.6	135.7 ± 19.6	NS
24-h diastolic BP (mmHg)	72.4 ± 14.1	72.1 ± 12.4	76.4 ± 12.0	NS	74.8 ± 13.1	68.9 ± 11.7	NS
24-h MAP (mmHg)	96.8 ± 15.2	95.6 ± 13.5	99.1 ± 9.1	NS	98.8 ± 13.7	92.1 ± 12.6	<0.05
LVH (%)	76.9	80.0	75.0	NS	74.5	85.7	NS
LVMI (g/m²)	174.1 ± 49.7	181.5 ± 83.2	179.0 ± 67.3	NS	167.1 ± 58.8	200.2 ± 87.4	<0.05
LVEF (%)	49.2 ± 13.4	55.3 ± 9.9	50.93 ± 14.4	NS	53.5 ± 11.8	51.5 ± 11.8	NS
LVEDD (cm)	5.3 ± 0.6	5.4 ± 1.1	5.4 ± 0.8	NS	5.2 ± 0.8	5.8 ± 1.1	<0.01
LVEDV (ml)	150.9 ± 61.9	147.6 ± 65.9	139.0 ± 36.1	NS	141.4 ± 50.1	159.6 ± 78.3	NS
Cholesterol (mmol/L)	4.5 ± 1.0	4.8 ± 1.1	5.0 ± 1.5	NS	4.7 ± 1.1	4.7 ± 1.2	NS
Calcium-phosphate product (mmol/L)	2.6 ± 0.7	2.8 ± 0.8	2.5 ± 0.6	NS	2.7 ± 0.6	2.8 ± 1.0	NS