Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Activation of resident fibroblasts by stimuli associated with tissue injury.
- Figure 2.
Possible origin of matrix-producing cells in the kidney.
Tables
Cell Type Markers Specific Characteristics References Resident Fibroblasts FSP1, HSP47, 5′ectonucleotidase, CD44, ICAM, DDR2 Phenotypic variability between cortical and medullary fibroblasts 41, 44, 63 Myofibroblasts α-SMA 13 Pericytes α-SMA, NG2, PDGFR-2, Desmin Associated capillaries and venoles 64, 65 Vascular smooth muscle cells α-SMA, caldesmon, calponin Associated arteries, arterioles, veins 64 EMT-derived fibroblasts FSP1 (residual epithelial markers?) Exclusively found in fibrotic kidneys 41, 44 Mesenchymal stem cells FSP1? 44 ↵a At least 6 distinct cell types with mesenchymal phenotypes can be detected in the kidney. Due to the lack of specific markers, identification of the different lineages can be challenging. In the normal kidney, myofibroblasts can be distinguished from vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes based on topographical criteria. Without genetic markers, indisputable identification of EMT-derived cells and mesenchymal stem cells is not feasible as of yet. HSP47, heat shock protein 47; ICAM, intracellular adhesion molecule; DDR2, discoidin domain receptor; α-SMA, α-smooth muscle actin; NG2, neuron glial antigen 2; PDGFR, PDGF receptor; EMT, epithelial–mesenchymal transition.
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