Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
Distribution of percentage annual change in eGFR on the basis of 3-yr change among 13,029 participants of the ARIC Study is shown. Cutoff points of quartiles were −5.65, −0.47, and −0.33%/yr.
- Figure 2.
(A and B) Adjusted incidence rates and their 95% CIs of CHD (A) and all-cause mortality (B) are shown by quartiles of percentage annual changes in eGFR (Q1 through Q4) from visit 1 to visit 2 (3-yr change) or visit 4 (9-yr change). Cutoff points of quartiles were −5.65, −0.47, and −0.33%/yr for 3-yr change and −2.46, −0.74, and −0.56%/yr for 9-yr change. Adjusted to mean age (54.0 yr), race (white), and gender (male).
Tables
- Table 1.
Characteristics of participants according to quartiles of change in eGFR from visit 1 to visit 2
Characteristic Quartiles of % Annual Change in eGFR Q1 (−52.76 to −5.65; n = 3258) Q2 (−5.65 to −0.47; n = 3257) Q3 (−0.47 to −0.33; n = 3257) Q4 (−0.33 to 42.94; n = 3257) Age (yr; mean ± SD) 54.0 ± 5.8 53.8 ± 5.8 53.2 ± 5.1 54.9 ± 6.0 Male gender (%) 32.3 51.7 40.7 47.1 Black race (%) 27.8 25.8 20.4 24.4 Educational level (%)a <12 yr completed 22.4 20.7 18.4 22.2 12 to 16 yr completed 41.8 40.7 42.9 41.5 >16 yr completed 35.8 38.6 38.7 36.3 Current smokers (%)a 24.7 23.7 24.1 24.9 Current alcohol drinkers (%)a 54.4 57.7 61.1 57.4 BMI (kg/m2; mean ± SD)a 27.5 ± 5.5 27.5 ± 4.9 27.3 ± 5.2 27.9 ± 5.4 Diabetes mellitus (%) 12.2 8.6 8.0 11.5 Antihypertensive medication (%)a 28.5 26.4 24.9 29.9 ACEI (%)a 3.0 2.7 2.7 3.0 SBP (mmHg; mean ± SD)a 121.9 ± 20.1 121.2 ± 17.8 118.5 ± 16.9 120.3 ± 17.5 DBP (mmHg; mean ± SD)a 73.5 ± 11.4 74.4 ± 10.9 72.8 ± 10.6 73.3 ± 10.7 LDL cholesterol (mg/dl; mean ± SD)a 134.0 ± 38.8 137.9 ± 39.1 136.9 ± 38.5 138.7 ± 39.1 HDL cholesterol (mg/dl; mean ± SD)a 53.7 ± 17.3 51.3 ± 16.3 52.8 ± 17.4 51.4 ± 16.9 TG (mg/dl; median [IQR])a 106 (75, 152.5) 107 (78, 152) 106 (78, 152) 113 (80, 158) Left ventricular hypertrophy (%)a 2.4 2.0 1.2 2.0 Carotid atherosclerosis (%)a 8.5 7.4 5.5 7.0 Serum creatinine (mg/dl; mean ± SD) visit 1 0.75 ± 0.20 0.87 ± 0.15 0.85 ± 0.17 0.93 ± 0.19 visit 2 0.96 ± 0.47 0.97 ± 0.16 0.85 ± 0.17 0.84 ± 0.18 eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2; mean ± SD) visit 1 105.9 ± 23.2 91.5 ± 16.0 91.1 ± 16.9 84.0 ± 17.0 visit 2 80.3 ± 18.5 80.0 ± 14.0 90.1 ± 16.7 94.3 ± 20.5 All comparisons were significant at P < 0.001, except for current smoking (P = 0.016), angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI; P = 0.829), and left ventricular hypertrophy (P = 0.002). BMI, body mass index; SBP, systolic BP; DBP, diastolic BP; IQR, interquartile range; TG, triglycerides.
↵aMissing values (number missing): Educational level, 20; current smokers, 8; current drinkers, 43; BMI, 7; diabetes, 19; antihypertensive medication, 6; ACEI, 1; SBP, 3; DBP, 4; LDL cholesterol, 258; HDL cholesterol, 84; TG, 83; left ventricular hypertrophy, 303; carotid atherosclerosis, 386.
- Table 2.
Adjusted HRs (95% CIs) of CHD and all-cause death by quartiles of % annual change in eGFR from visit 1 to visit 2, overall, and eGFR category at visit 1
Outcomes Quartiles of % Annual Change in eGFR Q1 (−52.76 to −5.65) Q2 (−5.65 to −0.47) Q3 (−0.47 to −0.33) Q4 (−0.33 to 42.94) All na 3016 3012 3004 2985 CHD 1.30 (1.11 to 1.52) 1.16 (1.00 to 1.35) Reference 1.04 (0.90 to 1.22) all-cause mortality 1.22 (1.06 to 1.41) 1.05 (0.92 to 1.21) Reference 1.10 (0.96 to 1.27) eGFR ≥90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 na 2262 1363 1247 826 CHD 1.13 (0.91 to 1.41) 1.19 (0.95 to 1.49) Reference 0.98 (0.75 to 1.28) all-cause mortality 0.96 (0.80 to 1.16) 0.93 (0.76 to 1.13) Reference 1.00 (0.80 to 1.23) eGFR 60 to <90 ml/min per 1.73 m2 na 716 1604 1720 1996 CHD 1.39 (1.09 to 1.76) 1.10 (0.90 to 1.36) Reference 1.06 (0.87 to 1.29) all-cause mortality 1.40 (1.12 to 1.76) 1.10 (0.90 to 1.35) Reference 1.18 (0.97 to 1.42) eGFR 30 to <60 ml/min per 1.73 m2 na 37 44 37 163 CHD 1.47 (0.46 to 4.67) 1.68 (0.56 to 4.99) reference 1.16 (0.43 to 3.10) all-cause mortality 4.69 (1.28 to 17.16) 4.98 (1.36 to 18.25) reference 2.52 (0.73 to 8.74) Adjusted for following covariates at visit 1: Age, race, gender, level of education, carotid atherosclerosis, SBP, antihypertensive medication, diabetes, smoking, alcohol intake, BMI, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, left ventricular hypertrophy, and eGFR.
↵aParticipants included in the fully adjusted analysis.
- Table 3.
Adjusted HR (95% CIs) of CHD and all-cause mortality by quartiles of % annual change in eGFR from visit 1 to visit 4
Outcomes Quartiles of % Annual Change in eGFR Q1 (−25.53 to −2.46) Q2 (−2.46 to −0.74) Q3 (−0.74 to −0.56) Q4 (−0.56 to 13.54) Adjustment for covariates at visit 1 na 2326 2316 2339 2335 CHD 1.32 (1.08 to 1.63) 1.06 (0.86 to 1.30) Reference 1.18 (0.97 to 1.45) all-cause mortality 1.41 (1.16 to 1.72) 1.11 (0.90 to 1.36) Reference 1.11 (0.90 to 1.36) Adjustment for covariates at visit 4 na 1190 1130 1131 1048 CHD 1.17 (0.87 to 1.58) 1.11 (0.84 to 1.48) Reference 1.32 (0.99 to 1.74) all-cause mortality 1.27 (0.97 to 1.67) 0.98 (0.74 to 1.30) Reference 1.05 (0.80 to 1.39) Adjusted for following covariates at either visit: Age, race, gender, level of education, carotid atherosclerosis, SBP, antihypertensive medication, diabetes, smoking, alcohol intake, BMI, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, left ventricular hypertrophy, and eGFR.
↵aParticipants included in the fully adjusted analysis.
Change in Estimated GFR Associates with Coronary Heart Disease and Mortality
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