Skip to main content

Main menu

  • Home
  • Content
    • Published Ahead of Print
    • Current Issue
    • JASN Podcasts
    • Article Collections
    • Archives
    • Kidney Week Abstracts
    • Saved Searches
  • Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Author Resources
  • Editorial Team
  • Editorial Fellowship
    • Editorial Fellowship Team
    • Editorial Fellowship Application Process
  • More
    • About JASN
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Impact Factor
    • Reprints
    • Subscriptions
  • ASN Kidney News
  • Other
    • ASN Publications
    • CJASN
    • Kidney360
    • Kidney News Online
    • American Society of Nephrology

User menu

  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • Log out
  • My Cart

Search

  • Advanced search
American Society of Nephrology
  • Other
    • ASN Publications
    • CJASN
    • Kidney360
    • Kidney News Online
    • American Society of Nephrology
  • Subscribe
  • My alerts
  • Log in
  • Log out
  • My Cart
Advertisement
American Society of Nephrology

Advanced Search

  • Home
  • Content
    • Published Ahead of Print
    • Current Issue
    • JASN Podcasts
    • Article Collections
    • Archives
    • Kidney Week Abstracts
    • Saved Searches
  • Authors
    • Submit a Manuscript
    • Author Resources
  • Editorial Team
  • Editorial Fellowship
    • Editorial Fellowship Team
    • Editorial Fellowship Application Process
  • More
    • About JASN
    • Advertising
    • Alerts
    • Feedback
    • Impact Factor
    • Reprints
    • Subscriptions
  • ASN Kidney News
  • Follow JASN on Twitter
  • Visit ASN on Facebook
  • Follow JASN on RSS
  • Community Forum
CLINICAL EPIDEMIOLOGY
You have accessRestricted Access

Weekend Hospital Admission, Acute Kidney Injury, and Mortality

Matthew T. James, Ron Wald, Chaim M. Bell, Marcello Tonelli, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn, Sushrut S. Waikar and Glenn M. Chertow
JASN May 2010, 21 (5) 845-851; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2009070682
Matthew T. James
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Ron Wald
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Chaim M. Bell
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Marcello Tonelli
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Brenda R. Hemmelgarn
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Sushrut S. Waikar
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
Glenn M. Chertow
  • Find this author on Google Scholar
  • Find this author on PubMed
  • Search for this author on this site
  • Article
  • Figures & Data Supps
  • Info & Metrics
  • View PDF
Loading

Abstract

Admission to the hospital on weekends is associated with increased mortality for several acute illnesses. We investigated whether patients admitted on a weekend with acute kidney injury (AKI) were more likely to die than those admitted on a weekday. Using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample, a large database of admissions to acute care, nonfederal hospitals in the United States, we identified 963,730 admissions with a diagnosis of AKI between 2003 and 2006. Of these, 214,962 admissions (22%) designated AKI as the primary reason for admission (45,203 on a weekend and 169,759 on a weekday). We used logistic regression models to examine the adjusted odds of in-hospital mortality associated with weekend versus weekday admission. Compared with admission on a weekday, patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of AKI on a weekend had a higher odds of death [adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.07, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02 to 1.12]. The risk for death with admission on a weekend for AKI was more pronounced in smaller hospitals (adjusted OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33) compared with larger hospitals (adjusted OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.13). Increased mortality was also associated with weekend admission among patients with AKI as a secondary diagnosis across a spectrum of co-existing medical diagnoses. In conclusion, among patients hospitalized with AKI, weekend admission is associated with a higher risk for death compared with admission on a weekday.

Admission to hospital on weekends has been associated with increased mortality compared with weekday admissions among patients with certain medical conditions.1–7 Although this observation may be due to unmeasured differences in severity of illness among patients who present to the hospital at different times, others have hypothesized that differences in processes of care on weekends may explain these outcomes.1,8 Potential process factors include lower levels of staffing, provider coverage issues, and restricted availability of tests and procedures during weekends.1,9,10

A previous analysis of Canadian data demonstrated that patients with a primary diagnosis of “renal failure” experienced a 34% higher risk of adjusted in-hospital mortality when admitted on a weekend compared with a weekday.1 However, because admissions for acute kidney injury (AKI) were not distinguished from those for chronic kidney disease (CKD), some speculated that this association was in fact driven by admissions of patients with ESRD.11 Whether delayed access to diagnostic or therapeutic procedures in patients with AKI contributes to increased weekend mortality has not been previously studied.

We sought to determine if admission to hospital on the weekend with a diagnosis of AKI was associated with higher in-hospital mortality than admission on a weekday using nationally representative data from U.S. acute care, nonfederal hospitals between 2003 and 2006. We hypothesized that patients admitted with AKI on weekends would experience higher in-hospital mortality independent of demographic and clinical characteristics, including severity of illness. Because the availability of resources for patient assessment, diagnosis, and management are known to vary with hospital characteristics, we also hypothesized that this association would be most pronounced in smaller hospitals, characterized by fewer beds and lower levels of staffing.

Results

Characteristics of Weekend and Weekday Admissions with AKI

During a 4-year period, we identified 963,730 admissions with a diagnosis of AKI within acute care, nonfederal U.S. hospitals. Admission on a weekend occurred in 214,832 (22.3%) of those with AKI. The characteristics of patients with AKI admitted on weekends were for the most part similar to those admitted on weekdays, although statistically significant differences in the distributions of several demographic, clinical, and hospital characteristics were observed (Table 1). The median length of hospital stay of 7 days was similar for weekend and weekday admissions with AKI. The proportions of patients discharged to another short-term hospital (3.6% versus 3.4%, P < 0.001) and to an intermediate care or skilled nursing facility (29.4% versus 28.5%, P < 0.001) were greater for weekend than for weekday admissions. Patients admitted with AKI on a weekend were more likely to receive mechanical ventilation [odds ratio (OR) 1.20, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.14 to 1.26] irrespective of hospital size (P interaction 0.67). Conversely, patients admitted on a weekend were less likely to receive dialysis (OR 0.94, 95% CI 0.90 to 0.97), regardless of hospital size (P interaction 0.45).

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Table 1.

Characteristics of admissions with a diagnosis of AKI according to day of admission on the basis of NIS data from 2003 to 2006

Weekend Admissions with AKI as a Primary Diagnosis

A total of 214,962 admissions designated AKI as the primary diagnosis (primary reason for admission to hospital); 45,203 on a weekend, 169,759 on a weekday. During hospitalization, 14,686 (6.8%) patients admitted with a primary diagnosis of AKI died; 7.3% of patients admitted on a weekend and 6.7% of patients admitted on a weekday. Compared with weekday admissions for AKI, the unadjusted odds of death associated with weekend admission was increased by 26% by day 3 of admission (OR 1.26, 95% CI 1.19 to 1.34) and by 11% for the total hospital stay (OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.06 to 1.15). After adjustment for age, sex, race, Charlson comorbidity index, and the requirement for mechanical ventilation, weekend admission with AKI remained associated with a 22% increased odds of death by day 3 of admission (OR 1.22, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.30) and a 7% increase for the duration of the hospital stay (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.12) (Table 2).

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Table 2.

Mortality associated with weekend versus weekday admission with a primary diagnosis of AKI on the basis of NIS data from 2003 to 2006

Figure 1 shows mortality rates by weekend versus weekday admission (top panel within 3 days, bottom panel during total hospital stay), stratified by hospital size. A statistically significant interaction was observed between weekend admission and hospital size (P < 0.001) but not between weekend admission and hospital teaching status (P = 0.12). Increases in mortality associated with weekend admission for AKI were most pronounced in smaller hospitals, where a 35% increase in the adjusted odds of death was observed by day 3 (OR 1.35, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.59) and a 17% increase in the adjusted risk of death remained for the total hospital admission (OR 1.17, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.33). For medium-sized and larger hospitals, mortality associated with weekend admission for AKI was increased to a lesser degree. Within the larger hospitals, a 24% increase in the adjusted risk of death was observed by day 3 (OR 1.24, 95% CI 1.10 to 1.39), and a 7% increase in the adjusted risk of death remained for the total hospital admission (OR 1.07, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.13).

Figure 1.
  • Download figure
  • Open in new tab
  • Download powerpoint
Figure 1.

Higher mortality for primary diagnosis of AKI with weekend versus weekday admission by hospital day 3 (A) and during total hospital stay (B), most pronounced in smaller hospitals.

Weekend Admissions with AKI as a Secondary Diagnosis

Increased risk of in-hospital mortality associated with weekend admission was consistently observed across seven medical conditions (present as primary diagnoses) that co-existed with AKI (recorded as a secondary diagnosis) (Figure 2).

Figure 2.
  • Download figure
  • Open in new tab
  • Download powerpoint
Figure 2.

Higher mortality for weekend versus weekday admission across multiple primary acute conditions with AKI as secondary diagnosis (OR adjusted for age, sex, race, Charlson comorbidity index, and use of mechanical ventilation).

Discussion

AKI is a relatively common condition that continues to be associated with high mortality.12 Although some studies have suggested a recent trend toward improved outcomes in the setting of AKI, it is unclear whether these observations are due to overall improvements in the quality of health care or if they have resulted from differences over time in the way AKI is recognized and defined.13,14 Hospital admission on a weekend may delay the provision of some elements of care, including diagnostic and therapeutic interventions.8–10 We observed an increased risk of death with weekend admission for patients with AKI that was most evident for admissions to smaller hospitals. Furthermore, weekend admissions were associated with heightened mortality when AKI complicated a wide array of acute medical conditions.

The excess risk of in-hospital death among patients admitted with AKI on a weekend was modest when expressed in relative terms (ranging from 7% to 17% depending on hospital size, compared with admission on a weekday). However, when projected across the U.S. health care system, the high incidence of AKI translates into a large increase in deaths. On the basis of these estimates, we project that approximately 4000 additional deaths per year occur in patients with AKI admitted on the weekend in the United States, representing 1 additional death for every 65 weekend admissions with AKI. Admission on a weekend thus appears to be a clinically relevant risk factor for mortality among patients with AKI.

Little is known about the association between time of admission and outcomes for AKI. For other complex acute medical conditions with high mortality, increased weekend mortality has been felt to be a consequence of reduced levels of staffing.1 In patients admitted with acute myocardial infarction on the weekend, higher mortality appears to be mediated by reduced access to invasive cardiac procedures.8,10 Conversely, weekend admissions to critical care units have not been associated with increased mortality, an observation perhaps attributable to more constant levels of access to staff and availability of medical procedures in these settings.15–17 Few studies have examined how timing of assessment or institution of treatment specific to the management of AKI affects clinical outcomes. Observational studies examining the effects of timing of nephrology consultation and institution of renal replacement therapy on clinical outcomes in patients with AKI have produced conflicting results.18–20 However, delays in appropriate diagnosis and management in several medical conditions (e.g., reperfusion for ST elevation myocardial infarction,10,21 early management of severe sepsis22) have been shown to affect clinical outcomes, suggesting that processes of acute medical care may be influential.

There are several reasons why we may have observed a higher risk of death among patients with AKI admitted on the weekend. On the basis of recorded diagnoses and procedures, patients admitted on a weekend appeared to be more severely ill than those admitted on a weekday. However, higher mortality with weekend admission persisted in analyses adjusted for demographic characteristics, recorded comorbidities, and provision of mechanical ventilation and across most of the acute medical conditions that co-existed with AKI.

The reasons for excess mortality among patients admitted with AKI on a weekend are uncertain, although delays in assessment, diagnosis, and management of other acute medical conditions on weekends have been previously described.9 We found that patients admitted with AKI on a weekend were less likely to receive dialysis than those admitted on a weekday, despite their greater severity of illness. In many centers across the United States, access to dialysis may be reduced during the weekend, and the availability of trained personnel may differ on weekends, particularly on Sundays.23,24 If nephrology consultation and the provision (and timing) of renal replacement therapy affect survival in the setting of AKI, improved weekend access to specialist care or dialysis could potentially reduce AKI-related mortality for patients admitted on weekend days; however, further research is required to test this hypothesis. Process-of-care factors may be accentuated in smaller hospitals where we observed the more pronounced increases in risk of death with weekend admission. Because small hospitals were more likely than large hospitals to transfer patients with AKI to another short-term hospital (6.2% versus 2.8% of admission with AKI), and patients who are transferred are likely sicker, the accentuated “weekend effect” in smaller hospitals may be greater than reported here (presumably having discharged a fraction of their sicker patients to medium-sized or larger hospitals).

Our study has several limitations. First, we identified our study population on the basis of the presence of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) codes for AKI. These codes for AKI have high specificity but poor sensitivity.25 Although this may result in exclusion of some patients with AKI from our study, this is unlikely to produce selection bias because weekend and weekday admissions are unlikely to differ with respect to the coding of AKI. Indeed, if we failed to identify some patients with AKI (as we suspect), then we would also have underestimated the absolute number of deaths attributable to weekend admission with AKI. Second, classification of weekend admission was defined as a Saturday or Sunday admission and ignored the fact that the provision of health care services on a Friday evening or in the early morning hours on Monday (e.g., midnight to 6:00 a.m.) are likely more similar to those provided on a Saturday or Sunday, respectively. If relevant, the “peri-weekend” misclassification is likely to lead to underestimation of the excess risk of death among patients with weekend admission, thereby biasing our results toward the null. Third, we were only able to identify in-hospital mortality and may have misclassified the outcome of patients who died after transfer to another acute, intermediate, or skilled nursing facility. However, because the length of hospital stay was similar for weekend and weekday admissions, and discharge to intermediate care and skilled nursing facilities was more common among patients admitted on a weekend than on a weekday, these minor differences are unlikely to account for the observed associations. Fourth, despite multivariable adjustment, we cannot exclude residual confounding by unmeasured characteristics that may have influenced our results. However, the elevated adjusted rate of death with weekend admission across seven co-existing conditions strengthens our findings.

This study was conducted using a large administrative health care database. Although this data source provides a large sample of hospital admissions sampled from across the United States, there are limitations to the information available, and data on access to consultants, emergency room waiting times, intensive care unit admissions, and severity of illness scores are not included. Future studies that capture these relevant prognostic and health services utilization variables are required to better understand the relation between time of admission with AKI, management, and clinical outcomes. Given the nature of our study data, the underlying reasons for increased weekend mortality with AKI could not be determined. Further studies are needed to compare the effect of differences in clinical practice related to access and timing of diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for the management of AKI. Studies should focus on health practices amenable to improvement, including the provision of intravenous fluids and/or diuretics, diagnostic testing, and timing of nephrologist consultation and initiation of dialysis.

In conclusion, for patients hospitalized with AKI, mortality was significantly higher among patients admitted on a weekend as compared with those admitted on a weekday. This disparity was most evident among admissions with AKI in smaller hospitals. These findings highlight the need to further investigate the availability and timing of provision of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies to patients hospitalized with AKI.

Concise Methods

Data Source and Study Population

We performed this study using the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS), the largest all-payer database of hospital inpatient stays that is publicly available in the United States. The NIS was developed as part of the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project and contains data from 5 to 8 million hospital stays from approximately 1000 hospitals sampled each year to approximate a 20% stratified sample of U.S. hospitals. It includes information on all patients regardless of payer, including persons covered by Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, and the uninsured. Inpatient stay records include clinical and resource use information typically available from hospital discharge abstracts, including ICD-9-CM codes for up to 15 diagnoses and 15 procedures for each admission. To ensure generalizability, the NIS relies on 60 hospital sampling strata with sampling weights provided to generate national estimates.

All admissions captured in the NIS databases from 2003 to 2006 were eligible for this study, with the exclusion of transfers from another acute care hospital and births. We identified admissions with AKI as a primary diagnosis (primary reason for admission to hospital) or with a secondary diagnosis of AKI. A diagnosis of AKI was based on the presence of ICD-9-CM codes according to a validated algorithm (Appendix 1). 25 Previously published algorithms of ICD-9-CM codes were used to identify seven other primary diagnoses of interest (sepsis, pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, gastrointestinal bleed, pancreatitis, or liver failure) for the admissions in which AKI was coded as a secondary diagnosis, as described previously (Appendix 1).13

View this table:
  • View inline
  • View popup
Appendix 1.

ICD-9-CM codes used to define clinical conditions from NIS data from 2003 to 2006

Study Variables

The primary outcome variable was total in-hospital mortality. In-hospital mortality within 3 days of admission was also examined. The primary independent variable was hospital admission on a weekend (Saturday or Sunday) as captured by the NIS. Covariates included patient demographics including age, sex, and race (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic, Asian, Native American, other, and missing). We used the Deyo modification of the Charlson index to estimate comorbidity26,27 and ICD-9-CM codes to identify procedures performed during the hospital admission (mechanical ventilation and dialysis) (Appendix 1). Hospital characteristics included hospital teaching status (teaching and nonteaching) and hospital size as categorized by the NIS (smaller: 1 to 249 beds, medium-sized: 25 to 374 beds, larger: 50 to >450 beds). Hospital size categories are established by the NIS for nationwide comparison on the basis of the number of hospital beds and are thus specific to the hospital's region, location, and teaching status. Bed size categories are chosen so that approximately one-third of the hospitals in a given region, location, and teaching status combination fall within each category.28

Statistical Analysis

We performed all analyses with commercially available statistical software (STATA version 10, College Station, TX) using survey procedures to account for the survey design of the NIS. Characteristics of weekend and weekday admissions were compared with the χ2 test for categorical variables, the t test for normally distributed variables, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test for non-normally distributed variables. We compared differences in in-hospital mortality among weekend and weekday admissions by day 3 after admission and for the total hospital admission. For our primary analysis, we used logistic regression models adjusted for age, sex, race, Charlson comorbidity index, and use of mechanical ventilation (as a proxy for critical illness) to determine the associations between weekend admission and in-hospital mortality for admissions with a primary diagnosis of AKI. Because we hypothesized that hospital characteristics might modify the association of weekend admission with mortality, we also assessed models including terms for interactions between weekend admission and hospital size and weekend admission and teaching status. To explore the effect of weekend admission in which AKI was coded as a secondary diagnosis, we also performed stratified analyses according to seven accompanying primary diagnoses (sepsis, pneumonia, acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, gastrointestinal hemorrhage, acute pancreatitis, or liver failure) where they co-existed with AKI.

Disclosures

None.

Acknowledgments

Dr. James was a visiting researcher at Stanford University at the time the study was performed and was supported by clinical research trainee awards from the Kidney Foundation of Canada and Canadian Institutes for Health Research and the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research. Drs. Tonelli and Hemmelgarn were supported by awards from the Alberta Heritage Foundation for Medical Research; and Drs. Wald, Bell, Tonelli, and Hemmelgarn were supported by awards from the Canadian Institutes for Health Research. Dr. Chertow was supported by awards from the U.S. National Institutes of Health/National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases.

Footnotes

  • Published online ahead of print. Publication date available at www.jasn.org.

  • See related editorial, “Variations in Mortality among Hospitalizations for Acute Kidney Injury,” on pages 728–731.

  • Copyright © 2010 by the American Society of Nephrology

REFERENCES

  1. 1.↵
    1. Bell CM,
    2. Redelmeier DA
    : Mortality among patients admitted to hospital on weekends as compared with weekdays. N Engl J Med 345: 633–638, 2001
    OpenUrl
  2. 2.↵
    1. Cram P,
    2. Hillis SL,
    3. Barnett M
    : Effects of weekend admission and hospital teaching status on in-hospital mortality. Am J Med 117: 151–157, 2004
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  3. 3.↵
    1. Barba R,
    2. Losa JE,
    3. Belasco M
    : Mortality among adult patients admitted to the hospital on weekends. Eur J Intern Med 17: 322–324, 2006
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  4. 4.↵
    1. Saposnik G,
    2. Baibergenova A,
    3. Bayer N
    : Weekends: A dangerous time for having a stroke. Stroke 38: 1211–1215, 2007
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  5. 5.↵
    1. Clark K,
    2. Normile LB
    : Influence of time-to-interventions for emergency department critical care patients on hospital mortality. J Emerg Nurs 33: 6–13, 2007
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  6. 6.↵
    1. Foss NB,
    2. Kehlet H
    : Short-term mortality in hip fracture patients admitted during weekends and holidays. Br J Anaesth 96: 450–454, 2006
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  7. 7.↵
    1. Hasegawa Y,
    2. Yoneda Y,
    3. Okuda S,
    4. Hamada R,
    5. Toyota A,
    6. Gotoh J,
    7. Watanabe M,
    8. Okada Y,
    9. Ikeda K,
    10. Ibayashi S
    : The effect of weekends and holidays on stroke outcome in acute stroke units. Cerebrovasc Dis 20: 325–331, 2005
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  8. 8.↵
    1. Kostis WJ,
    2. Demissie K,
    3. Marcella SW,
    4. Shao YH,
    5. Wilson AC,
    6. Moreyra AE
    : Weekend versus weekday admission and mortality from myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med 356: 1099–1109, 2007
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  9. 9.↵
    1. Bell CM,
    2. Redelmeier DA
    : Waiting for urgent procedures on the weekend among emergently hospitalized patients. Am J Med 117: 175–181, 2004
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  10. 10.↵
    1. Magid DJ,
    2. Wang Y,
    3. Herrin J,
    4. McNamara RL,
    5. Bradley EH,
    6. Curtis JP,
    7. Pollack CV,
    8. French WJ,
    9. Blaney ME,
    10. Krumholz HM
    : Relationship between time of day, day of week, timeliness of reperfusion, and in-hospital mortality for patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. JAMA 294: 803, 2005
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  11. 11.↵
    1. Halm EA,
    2. Chassin MR
    : Why do hospital death rates vary? N Engl J Med 345: 692–694, 2001
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  12. 12.↵
    1. Pannu N,
    2. Klarenbach S,
    3. Wiebe N,
    4. Manns B,
    5. Tonelli M
    : Renal replacement therapy in patients with acute renal failure: A systematic review. JAMA 299: 793–805, 2008
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  13. 13.↵
    1. Waikarr SS,
    2. Curhan GC,
    3. Wald R,
    4. McCarthy EP,
    5. Chertow GM
    : Declining mortality in patients with acute renal failure, 1998 to 2002. J Am Soc Nephrol 17: 1143–1150, 2006
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  14. 14.↵
    1. Xue JL,
    2. Daniels F,
    3. Star RA,
    4. Kimmel PL,
    5. Eggers PW,
    6. Molitoris BA,
    7. Himmelgarb J,
    8. Collins AJ
    : Incidence and mortality of acute renal failure in Medicare beneficiaries, 1992 to 2001. J Am Soc Nephrol 17: 1142, 2006
    OpenUrl
  15. 15.↵
    1. Luyt CE,
    2. Combes A,
    3. Aegerter P,
    4. Guidet B,
    5. Trouillet JL,
    6. Gibert C,
    7. Chastre J
    : Mortality among patients admitted to intensive care units during weekday day shifts compared with “off” hours. Crit Care Med 35: 3–11, 2007
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  16. 16.↵
    1. Laupland KB,
    2. Shahpori R,
    3. Kirkpatrick AW,
    4. Stelfox HT
    : Hospital mortality among adults admitted to and discharged from intensive care on weekends and evenings. J Crit Care 23: 317–324, 2008
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  17. 17.↵
    1. Wunsch H,
    2. Mapstone J,
    3. Brady T,
    4. Hanks R,
    5. Rowan K
    : Hospital mortality associated with day and time of admission to intensive care units. Intensive Care Med 30: 895–901, 2004
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  18. 18.↵
    1. Seabra VF,
    2. Balk EM,
    3. Liangos O,
    4. Sosa AM,
    5. Cendoroglo M,
    6. Jaber BL
    : Timing of renal replacement therapy initiation in acute renal failure: A meta-analysis. Am J Kidney Dis 52: 272–284, 2008
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  19. 19.↵
    1. Bouman CS,
    2. Oudes-Van Straaten HM,
    3. Tijssen JG,
    4. Zandstra DF,
    5. Kesecioglu L
    : Effects of early high-volume continuous venovenous hemofiltration on survival and recovery of renal function in intensive care patients with acute renal failure: A prospective, randomized trial. Crit Care Med 30: 2205–2211, 2002
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  20. 20.↵
    1. Liu KD,
    2. Himmelfarb J,
    3. Paganini EP,
    4. Ikizler A,
    5. Soroko S,
    6. Mehta RL,
    7. Chertow GM
    : Timing of initiation of dialysis in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 1: 915–919, 2006
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  21. 21.↵
    Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialist (FTT) Collaborative Group: Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: Collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomized trials of more than 1000 patients. Lancet 343: 311–322, 1994
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  22. 22.↵
    1. Rivers E,
    2. Nguyen B,
    3. Havstad S,
    4. Ressler J,
    5. Muzzin A,
    6. Knoblich B,
    7. Peterson E,
    8. Tomlanovich M
    : Early goal-directed therapy in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. N Engl J Med 345: 1368–1377, 2001
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  23. 23.↵
    The VA/NIH Acute Renal Failure Trial Network: Intensity of renal support in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury. N Engl J Med 359: 7–20, 2008
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  24. 24.↵
    1. Overberger P,
    2. Pesacreta M,
    3. Palevsky PM
    : Management of renal replacement therapy in acute kidney injury: A survey of practitioner prescribing practices. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2: 623–630, 2007
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  25. 25.↵
    1. Waikarr SS,
    2. Wald R,
    3. Chertow GM,
    4. Curhan G,
    5. Winkelmayer WC,
    6. Liangos O,
    7. Sosa MA,
    8. Jaber BL
    : Validity of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes for acute renal failure. J Am Soc Nephrol 17: 1688–1694, 2006
    OpenUrlAbstract/FREE Full Text
  26. 26.↵
    1. Charlson ME,
    2. Pompei P,
    3. Ales KL,
    4. MacKenzie CR
    : A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: Development and validation. J Chron Dis 40: 373–383, 1987
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  27. 27.↵
    1. Deyo RA,
    2. Cherkin DC,
    3. Ciol MA
    : Adapting a clinical comorbidity index for use with ICD-9-CM administrative databases. J Clin Epidemiol 45: 613–619, 1992
    OpenUrlCrossRefPubMed
  28. 28.↵
    Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project: Introduction to the HCUP Nationwide Inpatient Sample. Available online at http://www.hcup-us.ahrg.gov/db/nation/nis/2006NIS_INTRODUCTION.pdf. Accessed March 2, 2009
PreviousNext
Back to top

In this issue

Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: 21 (5)
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
Vol. 21, Issue 5
1 May 2010
  • Table of Contents
  • Table of Contents (PDF)
  • Index by author
View Selected Citations (0)
Print
Download PDF
Sign up for Alerts
Email Article
Thank you for your help in sharing the high-quality science in JASN.
Enter multiple addresses on separate lines or separate them with commas.
Weekend Hospital Admission, Acute Kidney Injury, and Mortality
(Your Name) has sent you a message from American Society of Nephrology
(Your Name) thought you would like to see the American Society of Nephrology web site.
CAPTCHA
This question is for testing whether or not you are a human visitor and to prevent automated spam submissions.
Citation Tools
Weekend Hospital Admission, Acute Kidney Injury, and Mortality
Matthew T. James, Ron Wald, Chaim M. Bell, Marcello Tonelli, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn, Sushrut S. Waikar, Glenn M. Chertow
JASN May 2010, 21 (5) 845-851; DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2009070682

Citation Manager Formats

  • BibTeX
  • Bookends
  • EasyBib
  • EndNote (tagged)
  • EndNote 8 (xml)
  • Medlars
  • Mendeley
  • Papers
  • RefWorks Tagged
  • Ref Manager
  • RIS
  • Zotero
Request Permissions
Share
Weekend Hospital Admission, Acute Kidney Injury, and Mortality
Matthew T. James, Ron Wald, Chaim M. Bell, Marcello Tonelli, Brenda R. Hemmelgarn, Sushrut S. Waikar, Glenn M. Chertow
JASN May 2010, 21 (5) 845-851; DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2009070682
del.icio.us logo Digg logo Reddit logo Twitter logo Facebook logo Google logo Mendeley logo
  • Tweet Widget
  • Facebook Like

Jump to section

  • Article
    • Abstract
    • Results
    • Discussion
    • Concise Methods
    • Disclosures
    • Acknowledgments
    • Footnotes
    • REFERENCES
  • Figures & Data Supps
  • Info & Metrics
  • View PDF

More in this TOC Section

  • Sex Differences in the Recognition, Monitoring, and Management of CKD in Health Care: An Observational Cohort Study
  • Association of Rosuvastatin Use with Risk of Hematuria and Proteinuria
  • Hurricanes and Mortality among Patients Receiving Dialysis
Show more Clinical Epidemiology

Cited By...

  • Reduced Mortality During Holidays and the COVID-19 Pandemic in Israel
  • An Organizational-Level Program of Intervention for AKI: A Pragmatic Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial
  • Breast feeding and the weekend effect: an observational study
  • Care and Outcomes of Patients With Cancer Admitted to the Hospital on Weekends and Holidays: A Retrospective Cohort Study
  • Weekend versus weekday transplant surgery and outcomes after kidney transplantation in the USA: a retrospective national database analysis
  • Rehospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits after Hospital Discharge in Patients Receiving Maintenance Hemodialysis
  • Do variations in hospital mortality patterns after weekend admission reflect reduced quality of care or different patient cohorts? A population-based study
  • It's not you, it's me: time to narrow the gap in weekend care
  • Emergency medical admissions, deaths at weekends and the public holiday effect. Cohort study
  • Sundays and Mortality in Patients with AKI
  • Predictors of Death and Dialysis in Severe AKI: The UPHS-AKI Cohort
  • Weekend admissions as an independent predictor of mortality: an analysis of Scottish hospital admissions
  • Use of Electronic Results Reporting to Diagnose and Monitor AKI in Hospitalized Patients
  • Biological Markers of Acute Kidney Injury
  • Acute Kidney Injury in Older Adults
  • Where Is the Epidemic in Kidney Disease?
  • Weekend Admissions to Critical Care: Why Do More of These Patients Die?
  • Variations in Mortality among Hospitalizations for Acute Kidney Injury
  • Google Scholar

Similar Articles

Related Articles

  • Variations in Mortality among Hospitalizations for Acute Kidney Injury
  • PubMed
  • Google Scholar

Articles

  • Current Issue
  • Early Access
  • Subject Collections
  • Article Archive
  • ASN Annual Meeting Abstracts

Information for Authors

  • Submit a Manuscript
  • Author Resources
  • Editorial Fellowship Program
  • ASN Journal Policies
  • Reuse/Reprint Policy

About

  • JASN
  • ASN
  • ASN Journals
  • ASN Kidney News

Journal Information

  • About JASN
  • JASN Email Alerts
  • JASN Key Impact Information
  • JASN Podcasts
  • JASN RSS Feeds
  • Editorial Board

More Information

  • Advertise
  • ASN Podcasts
  • ASN Publications
  • Become an ASN Member
  • Feedback
  • Follow on Twitter
  • Password/Email Address Changes
  • Subscribe to ASN Journals
  • Wolters Kluwer Partnership

© 2022 American Society of Nephrology

Print ISSN - 1046-6673 Online ISSN - 1533-3450

Powered by HighWire