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Clinical Epidemiology
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Kidney Disease and Increased Mortality Risk in Type 2 Diabetes

Maryam Afkarian, Michael C. Sachs, Bryan Kestenbaum, Irl B. Hirsch, Katherine R. Tuttle, Jonathan Himmelfarb and Ian H. de Boer
JASN February 2013, 24 (2) 302-308; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2012070718
Maryam Afkarian
*Kidney Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
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Michael C. Sachs
*Kidney Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
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Bryan Kestenbaum
*Kidney Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
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Irl B. Hirsch
†Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Nutrition, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
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Katherine R. Tuttle
*Kidney Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
‡Providence Medical Research Center, Providence Sacred Heart Medical Center, Spokane, Washington and Kidney Research Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
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Jonathan Himmelfarb
*Kidney Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
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Ian H. de Boer
*Kidney Research Institute and Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington;
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Abstract

Type 2 diabetes associates with increased risk of mortality, but how kidney disease contributes to this mortality risk among individuals with type 2 diabetes is not completely understood. Here, we examined 10-year cumulative mortality by diabetes and kidney disease status for 15,046 participants in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) by linking baseline data from NHANES III with the National Death Index. Kidney disease, defined as urinary albumin/creatinine ratio ≥30 mg/g and/or estimated GFR ≤60 ml/min per 1.73 m2, was present in 9.4% and 42.3% of individuals without and with type 2 diabetes, respectively. Among people without diabetes or kidney disease (reference group), 10-year cumulative all-cause mortality was 7.7% (95% confidence interval [95% CI], 7.0%–8.3%), standardized to population age, sex, and race. Among individuals with diabetes but without kidney disease, standardized mortality was 11.5% (95% CI, 7.9%–15.2%), representing an absolute risk difference with the reference group of 3.9% (95% CI, 0.1%–7.7%), adjusted for demographics, and 3.4% (95% CI, −0.3% to 7.0%) when further adjusted for smoking, BP, and cholesterol. Among individuals with both diabetes and kidney disease, standardized mortality was 31.1% (95% CI, 24.7%–37.5%), representing an absolute risk difference with the reference group of 23.4% (95% CI, 17.0%–29.9%), adjusted for demographics, and 23.4% (95% CI, 17.2%–29.6%) when further adjusted. We observed similar patterns for cardiovascular and noncardiovascular mortality. In conclusion, those with kidney disease predominantly account for the increased mortality observed in type 2 diabetes.

  • Copyright © 2013 by the American Society of Nephrology
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Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: 24 (2)
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
Vol. 24, Issue 2
February 2013
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Kidney Disease and Increased Mortality Risk in Type 2 Diabetes
Maryam Afkarian, Michael C. Sachs, Bryan Kestenbaum, Irl B. Hirsch, Katherine R. Tuttle, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Ian H. de Boer
JASN Feb 2013, 24 (2) 302-308; DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2012070718

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Kidney Disease and Increased Mortality Risk in Type 2 Diabetes
Maryam Afkarian, Michael C. Sachs, Bryan Kestenbaum, Irl B. Hirsch, Katherine R. Tuttle, Jonathan Himmelfarb, Ian H. de Boer
JASN Feb 2013, 24 (2) 302-308; DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2012070718
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