Clinical Epidemiology

Medical Costs of CKD in the Medicare Population

Amanda A. Honeycutt, Joel E. Segel, Xiaohui Zhuo, Thomas J. Hoerger, Kumiko Imai and Desmond Williams
JASN September 2013, 24 (9) 1478-1483; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2012040392

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Tables

  • Table 1.

    Summary statistics for overall sample population by stage of CKD

    Parameter DescriptionOverallNo CKDCKD Stage 1CKD Stage 2CKD Stage 3CKD Stage 4
    Patients (n)4148a253916143893856
    Patients (%)10045.3 ± 1.62.6 ± 0.39.1 ± 0.621.0 ± 1.11.1 ± 0.2
    Age (yr)72.0 ± 0.370.4 ± 0.369.0 ± 1.573.8 ± 0.876.4 ± 0.577.2 ± 1.4
    Women (%)55.9 ± 1.052.9 ± 1.344.7 ± 5.456.5 ± 3.366.6 ± 2.258.8 ± 9.8
    Race/ethnicity (%)
     White85.2 ± 1.186.1 ± 1.264.9 ± 6.179.3 ± 2.488.0 ± 1.480.1 ± 7.3
     Hispanic/Latino2.2 ± 0.22.2 ± 0.25.2 ± 1.03.0 ± 0.41.3 ± 0.21.5 ± 0.8
     Black8.6 ± 1.17.9 ± 1.225.5 ± 6.310.9 ± 2.47.0 ± 1.410.2 ± 7.8
    Diabetes13.0 ± 0.68.8 ± 0.726.4 ± 5.925.6 ± 2.918.5 ± 1.823.0 ± 7.2
    Hypertension64.6 ± 1.056.5 ± 1.175.1 ± 5.578.6 ± 2.481.0 ± 1.894.6 ± 3.4
    Myocardial infarction11.9 ± 1.09.7 ± 1.115.1 ± 3.912.9 ± 2.417.2 ± 1.824.3 ± 8.0
    Stroke6.3 ± 0.54.7 ± 0.66.5 ± 2.27.7 ± 1.510.3 ± 1.414.7 ± 6.6
    Congestive heart failure7.6 ± 0.65.1 ± 0.75.9 ± 2.49.1 ± 1.614.2 ± 1.423.1 ± 9.0
    Cancer20.6 ± 1.119.1 ± 1.215.7 ± 3.725.1 ± 3.124.1 ± 2.118.8 ± 6.8
    Asthma8.4 ± 0.59.2 ± 0.814.3 ± 5.07.6 ± 2.05.6 ± 1.16.5 ± 3.4
    Arthritis45.1 ± 1.243.4 ± 1.434.7 ± 6.944.5 ± 3.451.3 ± 2.458.8 ± 8.3
    Pneumonia2.9 ± 0.42.8 ± 0.44.0 ± 3.52.4 ± 0.93.5 ± 0.70.5 ± 0.5
    Back pain24.0 ± 0.923.3 ± 1.024.8 ± 4.825.1 ± 2.825.0 ± 2.233.6 ± 6.9
    Chronic bronchitis9.4 ± 0.68.9 ± 0.99.5 ± 4.88.9 ± 1.710.9 ± 1.59.6 ± 5.3
    Total medical costs (2010$)b7200 ± 2706100 ± 3709200 ± 17907900 ± 9009300 ± 65018,600 ± 4520

    • Unless otherwise noted, values are expressed as mean ± SEM.

    • ↵a Includes 16 people who had ESRD.

    • ↵b Updated to 2010 dollars by using the medical care component of the Consumer Price Index, rounded to the nearest $100.

  • Table 2.

    Per person and total costs attributable to CKD

    CKD StagePer Person Costs (95% CI)aEstimated Medicare FFS Enrollees, 2008 (n)bTotal CKD Costs for Medicare FFS Enrollees ($)c
    11600 (−900 to 3870)474,0120.76 billion
    21700 (530 to 2840)2,700,4324.56 billion
    33500 (1780 to 4620)10,726,31737.18 billion
    412,700 (6000 to 19,650)563,7877.17 billion

    • Updated to 2010 dollars by using the medical care component of the Consumer Price Index. Each part of the two-part cost models estimated also included controls for age, age-squared, sex, race/ethnicity, education, region of residence, and each of the following comorbid conditions: diabetes, hypertension, cancer, arthritis, pneumonia, back pain, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. CI, confidence interval.

    • ↵a Bootstrapped 95% CIs by using 1000 iterations.

    • ↵b Calculated by using estimates of CKD prevalence for the population age 65 years or older to most closely approximate the Medicare population; prevalence estimated by using 1999–2004 NHANES data applied to 2010 Medicare enrollment data.

    • ↵c Estimates are the product of the per person cost point estimates and the number of enrollees.

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Medical Costs of CKD in the Medicare Population
Amanda A. Honeycutt, Joel E. Segel, Xiaohui Zhuo, Thomas J. Hoerger, Kumiko Imai, Desmond Williams
JASN Sep 2013, 24 (9) 1478-1483; DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2012040392
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