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Parameter Description Overall No CKD CKD Stage 1 CKD Stage 2 CKD Stage 3 CKD Stage 4 Patients (n) 4148a 2539 161 438 938 56 Patients (%) 100 45.3 ± 1.6 2.6 ± 0.3 9.1 ± 0.6 21.0 ± 1.1 1.1 ± 0.2 Age (yr) 72.0 ± 0.3 70.4 ± 0.3 69.0 ± 1.5 73.8 ± 0.8 76.4 ± 0.5 77.2 ± 1.4 Women (%) 55.9 ± 1.0 52.9 ± 1.3 44.7 ± 5.4 56.5 ± 3.3 66.6 ± 2.2 58.8 ± 9.8 Race/ethnicity (%) White 85.2 ± 1.1 86.1 ± 1.2 64.9 ± 6.1 79.3 ± 2.4 88.0 ± 1.4 80.1 ± 7.3 Hispanic/Latino 2.2 ± 0.2 2.2 ± 0.2 5.2 ± 1.0 3.0 ± 0.4 1.3 ± 0.2 1.5 ± 0.8 Black 8.6 ± 1.1 7.9 ± 1.2 25.5 ± 6.3 10.9 ± 2.4 7.0 ± 1.4 10.2 ± 7.8 Diabetes 13.0 ± 0.6 8.8 ± 0.7 26.4 ± 5.9 25.6 ± 2.9 18.5 ± 1.8 23.0 ± 7.2 Hypertension 64.6 ± 1.0 56.5 ± 1.1 75.1 ± 5.5 78.6 ± 2.4 81.0 ± 1.8 94.6 ± 3.4 Myocardial infarction 11.9 ± 1.0 9.7 ± 1.1 15.1 ± 3.9 12.9 ± 2.4 17.2 ± 1.8 24.3 ± 8.0 Stroke 6.3 ± 0.5 4.7 ± 0.6 6.5 ± 2.2 7.7 ± 1.5 10.3 ± 1.4 14.7 ± 6.6 Congestive heart failure 7.6 ± 0.6 5.1 ± 0.7 5.9 ± 2.4 9.1 ± 1.6 14.2 ± 1.4 23.1 ± 9.0 Cancer 20.6 ± 1.1 19.1 ± 1.2 15.7 ± 3.7 25.1 ± 3.1 24.1 ± 2.1 18.8 ± 6.8 Asthma 8.4 ± 0.5 9.2 ± 0.8 14.3 ± 5.0 7.6 ± 2.0 5.6 ± 1.1 6.5 ± 3.4 Arthritis 45.1 ± 1.2 43.4 ± 1.4 34.7 ± 6.9 44.5 ± 3.4 51.3 ± 2.4 58.8 ± 8.3 Pneumonia 2.9 ± 0.4 2.8 ± 0.4 4.0 ± 3.5 2.4 ± 0.9 3.5 ± 0.7 0.5 ± 0.5 Back pain 24.0 ± 0.9 23.3 ± 1.0 24.8 ± 4.8 25.1 ± 2.8 25.0 ± 2.2 33.6 ± 6.9 Chronic bronchitis 9.4 ± 0.6 8.9 ± 0.9 9.5 ± 4.8 8.9 ± 1.7 10.9 ± 1.5 9.6 ± 5.3 Total medical costs (2010$)b 7200 ± 270 6100 ± 370 9200 ± 1790 7900 ± 900 9300 ± 650 18,600 ± 4520 CKD Stage Per Person Costs (95% CI)a Estimated Medicare FFS Enrollees, 2008 (n)b Total CKD Costs for Medicare FFS Enrollees ($)c 1 1600 (−900 to 3870) 474,012 0.76 billion 2 1700 (530 to 2840) 2,700,432 4.56 billion 3 3500 (1780 to 4620) 10,726,317 37.18 billion 4 12,700 (6000 to 19,650) 563,787 7.17 billion Updated to 2010 dollars by using the medical care component of the Consumer Price Index. Each part of the two-part cost models estimated also included controls for age, age-squared, sex, race/ethnicity, education, region of residence, and each of the following comorbid conditions: diabetes, hypertension, cancer, arthritis, pneumonia, back pain, chronic bronchitis, and asthma. CI, confidence interval.
↵a Bootstrapped 95% CIs by using 1000 iterations.
↵b Calculated by using estimates of CKD prevalence for the population age 65 years or older to most closely approximate the Medicare population; prevalence estimated by using 1999–2004 NHANES data applied to 2010 Medicare enrollment data.
↵c Estimates are the product of the per person cost point estimates and the number of enrollees.
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