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Furosemide Stress Test and Biomarkers for the Prediction of AKI Severity

Jay L. Koyner, Danielle L. Davison, Ermira Brasha-Mitchell, Divya M. Chalikonda, John M. Arthur, Andrew D. Shaw, James A. Tumlin, Sharon A. Trevino, Michael R. Bennett, Paul L. Kimmel, Michael G. Seneff and Lakhmir S. Chawla
JASN August 2015, 26 (8) 2023-2031; DOI: https://doi.org/10.1681/ASN.2014060535
Jay L. Koyner
*Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
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Danielle L. Davison
†Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and
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Ermira Brasha-Mitchell
†Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and
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Divya M. Chalikonda
†Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and
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John M. Arthur
‡Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina;
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Andrew D. Shaw
§Department of Anesthesiology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee;
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James A. Tumlin
‖Renal Division, University of Tennessee College of Medicine at Chattanooga, Chattanooga, Tennessee;
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Sharon A. Trevino
*Section of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois;
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Michael R. Bennett
¶Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
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Paul L. Kimmel
**Department of Medicine, George Washington University Medical Center, Washington DC;
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Michael G. Seneff
†Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine and
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Lakhmir S. Chawla
††Department of Medicine, Division of Intensive Care Medicine and Division of Nephrology, Washington DC Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Washington, DC
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Abstract

Clinicians have access to limited tools that predict which patients with early AKI will progress to more severe stages. In early AKI, urine output after a furosemide stress test (FST), which involves intravenous administration of furosemide (1.0 or 1.5 mg/kg), can predict the development of stage 3 AKI. We measured several AKI biomarkers in our previously published cohort of 77 patients with early AKI who received an FST and evaluated the ability of FST urine output and biomarkers to predict the development of stage 3 AKI (n=25 [32.5%]), receipt of RRT (n=11 [14.2%]), or inpatient mortality (n=16 [20.7%]). With an area under the curve (AUC)±SEM of 0.87±0.09 (P<0.0001), 2-hour urine output after FST was significantly better than each urinary biomarker tested in predicting progression to stage 3 (P<0.05). FST urine output was the only biomarker to significantly predict RRT (0.86±0.08; P=0.001). Regardless of the end point, combining FST urine output with individual biomarkers using logistic regression did not significantly improve risk stratification (ΔAUC, P>0.10 for all). When FST urine output was assessed in patients with increased biomarker levels, the AUC for progression to stage 3 improved to 0.90±0.06 and the AUC for receipt of RRT improved to 0.91±0.08. Overall, in the setting of early AKI, FST urine output outperformed biochemical biomarkers for prediction of progressive AKI, need for RRT, and inpatient mortality. Using a FST in patients with increased biomarker levels improves risk stratification, although further research is needed.

  • acute renal failure
  • clinical nephrology
  • diuretics
  • Copyright © 2015 by the American Society of Nephrology
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Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: 26 (8)
Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
Vol. 26, Issue 8
August 2015
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Furosemide Stress Test and Biomarkers for the Prediction of AKI Severity
Jay L. Koyner, Danielle L. Davison, Ermira Brasha-Mitchell, Divya M. Chalikonda, John M. Arthur, Andrew D. Shaw, James A. Tumlin, Sharon A. Trevino, Michael R. Bennett, Paul L. Kimmel, Michael G. Seneff, Lakhmir S. Chawla
JASN Aug 2015, 26 (8) 2023-2031; DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2014060535

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Furosemide Stress Test and Biomarkers for the Prediction of AKI Severity
Jay L. Koyner, Danielle L. Davison, Ermira Brasha-Mitchell, Divya M. Chalikonda, John M. Arthur, Andrew D. Shaw, James A. Tumlin, Sharon A. Trevino, Michael R. Bennett, Paul L. Kimmel, Michael G. Seneff, Lakhmir S. Chawla
JASN Aug 2015, 26 (8) 2023-2031; DOI: 10.1681/ASN.2014060535
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  • diuretics

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