Article Figures & Data
Figures
- Figure 1.
AKI requiring dialysis was common and varied by need for ICU admimssion. While 19% of patients overall required dialysis, 32% of patients who were admitted to the ICU required dialysis.
- Figure 2.
Approximately a third of patients did not have renal recovery at discharge or post-hospitalization follow up. Proportion of patients with AKI stratified by recovery versus nonrecovery at discharge and discharge follow-up. Recovery of kidney function was stratified into recover and AKD defined as (1) recovery: difference in creatinine is ≤0.3 and creatinine change in percentage is ≤25%; (2) stage 1: difference in creatinine is >0.3 and creatinine change in percentage is ≤25% or creatinine change in percentage is >25% and ≤100%; (3) stage 2: creatinine change in percentage is >100% and ≤200%; and (4) stage 3: creatinine change in percentage is >200% or requiring dialysis 72 hours prior to discharge.
- Figure 3.
Trajectory of creatinine during the first 14 days of hospitalizations in patients who were discharged by recovery and nonrecovery which demonstrate the severity and prolonged nature of the AKI. We used local regression (loess) for smoothening creatinine values across the interval of 2 weeks posthospital admission to visualize trajectories by AKD category.
- Figure 4.
Survival probability is lower in patients with AKI. Kaplan–Meier survival curves for patients with and without AKI. Red line indicates patients with AKI, and blue line is for those without AKI. All patients were censored at 30 days. Patients who were discharged alive before 30 days were treated as still at risk and not censored at discharge.
Tables
Patient Characteristics All, n=3993 AKI, n=1835 No AKI, n=2158 P Value Age, yr, median (IQR) 64 (56–78) 71 (61–81) 63 (51–75) <0.001 Sex, n (%) Women 1704 (43) 734 (40) 970 (45) 0.002 Race/ethnicity, n (%) 0.002 White 954 (24) 439 (24) 515 (24) Black 1054 (36) 536 (29) 518 (24) Hispanic 1038 (26) 439 (24) 599 (28) Asian 173 (4) 74 (4) 99 (5) Other or unknown 774 (19) 347 (19) 427 (20) Comorbidities, n (%) Hypertension 1527 (38) 820 (45) 707 (33) <0.001 Congestive heart failure 396 (10) 244 (13) 152 (7) <0.001 Diabetes mellitus 1019 (26) 568 (31) 451 (21) <0.001 Liver disease 191 (5) 99 (5) 92 (4) 0.09 Peripheral vascular disease 362 (9) 194 (11) 168 (8) 0.002 CKD 420 (11) 339 (18) 81 (4) <0.001 Laboratory values, median (IQR) White blood cell count, 103/μl 7.55 (5.4–10.9) 8.68 (6–12.3) 6.9 (5.1–9.55) <0.001 Lymphocyte percentage, % 13.1 (8.1–20.6) 10.6 (6–12.3) 15.5 (9.8–23.1) <0.001 Hemoglobin, g/dl 12.6 (11.1–13.8) 12.3 (10.7–13.8) 12.8 (11.5–13.9) <0.001 Platelets, 103/L 214 (160–282) 207 (151–272) 221 (165–291) <0.001 Sodium, mEq/L 139 (136–142) 139 (136–143) 138 (136–141) <0.001 Potassium, mEq/L 4.2 (3.9–4.6) 4.3 (3.9–4.8) 4.1 (3.8–4.5) <0.001 Chloride, mEq/L 104 (101–107) 104 (100–109) 103 (101–106) <0.001 Bicarbonate, mEq/L 23 (20.5–26) 22 (19–25) 24 (21.8–26.1) <0.001 BUN, mg/dl 18 (12–32) 31 (18–51) 13 (10–19) <0.001 Serum creatinine, mg/dl 0.94 (0.72–1.41) 1.42 (0.95–2.25) 0.8 (0.67–0.97) <0.001 AST, U/L 42 (28–68) 48 (30–79) 39 (27–60) <0.001 ALT, U/L 30 (18–52) 29 (18–53) 30 (19–52) <0.001 Alkaline phosphatase, U/L 75 (59–100) 76 (60–102) 73 (58–98) 0.005 Albumin, g/dl 2.9 (2.6–3.3) 2.8 (2.5–3.2) 3 (2.7–3.4) <0.001 Vital signs, median (IQR) Temperature, °C 36.9 (36.6–37.5) 36.9 (36.5–37.4) 37(36.6–37.5) <0.001 Systolic BP, mm Hg 124 (111–140) 125 (111–141.5) 124 (112–138) 0.40 Diastolic BP, mm Hg 71 (63–79) 70 (61–80) 72 (64–79) <0.001 Heart rate, BPM 87 (76–98) 87 (76–99) 87 (76–97) 0.08 Respiratory rate, per min 19 (10–20) 20 (18–21) 18 (18–20) <0.001 Oxygen saturation, % 96 (94–98) 96 (94–98) 96 (95–98) <0.001 Discharged, n (%) 3869 (97) 1750 (95) 2119 (98) <0.001 Hospital facility <0.001 Mount Sinai Hospital located in East Harlem, Manhattan 1507 (38) 662 (36) 845 (39) Mount Sinai Morningside located in Morningside Heights, Manhattan 699 (18) 340 (19) 359 (17) Mount Sinai West located in Midtown and the West Side, Manhattan 480 (12) 167 (9) 313 (15) Mount Sinai Brooklyn located in Midwood, Brooklyn 641 (16) 345 (19) 296 (14) Mount Sinai Queens located in Astoria, Queens 666 (17) 321 (18) 345 (16) AST, aspartate transaminase; ALT, alanine transaminase; BPM, beats per minute.
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