Missing Self-Induced Activation of NK Cells Combines with Non-Complement-Fixing Donor-Specific Antibodies to Accelerate Kidney Transplant Loss in Chronic Antibody-Mediated Rejection

¹International Center of Infectiology research (CIRI), French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM) Unit 1111, Claude Bernard University Lyon I, National Center for Scientific Research (CNRS) Mixed University Unit (UMR) 5308, Ecole Normale Supérieure de Lyon, University of Lyon, Lyon, France
²Department of Transplantation, Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Edouard Herriot Hospital, Lyon, France
³Lyon-Est Medical Faculty, Claude Bernard University (Lyon 1), Lyon, France
⁴Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Catholic University (KU) Leuven, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
⁵Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
⁶Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) Laboratory, French National Blood Service (EFS), Décines-Charpieu, France
⁷Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie (CRTI), University Hospital Center (CHU) Nantes, Université de Nantes, National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Mixed University Unit (UMR) 1064, Transplantation Urology Nephrology Institute (ITUN), Nantes, France
⁸Department of Pathology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Bron, France
⁹BioImage Analysis Unit, Pasteur Institute, Paris, France

Correspondence:
Prof. Olivier Thaunat, Service de Transplantation, Néphrologie et d’Immunologie Clinique, Hôpital Edouard Herriot, 5 Place d’Arsonval, Lyon 69003 France. Email: olivier.thaunat{at}chu-lyon.fr