Copy Number Variant Analysis and Genome-wide Association Study Identify Loci with Large Effect for Vesicoureteral Reflux

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

2Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, New York

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

3Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

2Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, New York

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

4Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center and University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center-Santa Monica, Los Angeles, California

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

5Section of Nephrology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

6Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

7Division of Nephrology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

8Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

9Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

10Section of Nephrology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

11Department of Pediatric Surgery, Spedali Civili Children’s Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

12Chair and Division of Nephrology, University and Spedali Civili Hospital, Brescia, Italy

13Division of Nephrology and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, ASST Spedali Civili of Brescia, Brescia, Italy

6Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Vrije Universiteit University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

14Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital of Split, Split, Croatia

15School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia

16Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy

17Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria “G. Martino,” Messina, Italy

18University College Dublin School of Medicine, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland

19Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland

19Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland

20National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland

20National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland

21Department of Pediatric Surgery, Beacon Hospital, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland

22Division of Nephrology, Departments of Pediatrics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

23Division of Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City School of Medicine, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri

24Nephrology Unit, Parma University Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University Medical School, Parma, Italy

24Nephrology Unit, Parma University Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University Medical School, Parma, Italy

24Nephrology Unit, Parma University Hospital and Department of Medicine and Surgery, Parma University Medical School, Parma, Italy

8Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy

8Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy

25Department of Pediatric Urology, Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York

10Section of Nephrology, Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation, University of Bari, Bari, Italy

26Renal and Dialysis Unit, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy

27Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Clinics, Genoa University and IRCCS Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy

28Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University, New York, New York

29Department of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatric Nephrology, Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Medical Investigation, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil

30Department of Pediatrics, Child Nephrology, Dialysotheraphy and Management of Acute Poisoning, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland

31Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

31Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

31Department of Pediatric Nephrology and Hypertension, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland

32Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

32Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Katowice, Poland

33Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland

33Department of Pediatrics, Immunology and Nephrology, Polish Mother’s Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland

34Department of Pediatric Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland

35Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland

35Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland

35Department of Pediatrics and Nephrology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland

36Department of Pediatrics, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland

37University Clinic for General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany

38University Children’s Hospital, Medical Faculty of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia

38University Children’s Hospital, Medical Faculty of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia

39Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, New York

40Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington

40Department of Biomedical Informatics and Medical Education, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington

41Division of Pediatric Nephrology, University of New Mexico Children’s Hospital, Albuquerque, New Mexico

9Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

2Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, New York

42Institute for Genomic Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York

43Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York

44Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York

45The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York

46Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York

8Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, Transplantation, and Laboratory on Pathophysiology of Uremia, Istituto G. Gaslini, Genoa, Italy

47Center for Applied Genomics, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania

48Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, and NZOZ Center for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland

48Department of Medical Genetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, and NZOZ Center for Medical Genetics GENESIS, Poznan, Poland

19Department of Clinical Genetics, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland

20National Children’s Research Centre, Our Lady’s Children’s Hospital Crumlin, Dublin, Ireland

38University Children’s Hospital, Medical Faculty of Skopje, Skopje, Macedonia

3Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

49Department of Human Genetics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan

50Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Ann Arbor, Michigan

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York

2Department of Urology, Columbia University, New York, New York

1Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York