RT Journal Article
SR Electronic
T1 Masked Hypertension Associates with Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Children with CKD
JF Journal of the American Society of Nephrology
JO J. Am. Soc. Nephrol.
FD American Society of Nephrology
SP 137
OP 144
DO 10.1681/ASN.2009060609
VO 21
IS 1
A1 Mitsnefes, Mark
A1 Flynn, Joseph
A1 Cohn, Silvia
A1 Samuels, Joshua
A1 Blydt-Hansen, Tom
A1 Saland, Jeffrey
A1 Kimball, Thomas
A1 Furth, Susan
A1 Warady, Bradley
A1 ,
YR 2010
UL http://jasn.asnjournals.org/content/21/1/137.abstract
AB Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) associates with increased risk for cardiovascular disease. Hypertension leads to LVH in adults, but its role in the pathogenesis of LVH in children is not as well established. To examine left ventricular mass and evaluate factors associated with LVH in children with stages 2 through 4 chronic kidney disease (CKD), we analyzed cross-sectional data from children who had baseline echocardiography (n = 366) and underwent ambulatory BP monitoring (n = 226) as a part of the observational Chronic Kidney Disease in Children (CKiD) cohort study. At baseline, 17% of children had LVH (11% eccentric and 6% concentric) and 9% had concentric remodeling of the left ventricle. On the basis of a combination of ambulatory and casual BP assessment (n = 198), 38% of children had masked hypertension (normal casual but elevated ambulatory BP) and 18% had confirmed hypertension (both elevated casual and ambulatory BP). There was no significant association between LVH and kidney function. LVH was more common in children with either confirmed (34%) or masked (20%) hypertension compared with children with normal casual and ambulatory BP (8%). In multivariable analysis, masked (odds ratio 4.1) and confirmed (odds ratio 4.3) hypertension were the strongest independent predictors of LVH. In conclusion, casual BP measurements alone are insufficient to predict the presence of LVH in children with CKD. The high prevalence of masked hypertension and its association with LVH supports early echocardiography and ambulatory BP monitoring to evaluate cardiovascular risk in children with CKD.