Baseline characteristics of the study population (n = 14,829)
| Characteristic | % of Study Population |
|---|---|
| Age (yr) | |
| <45 | 19.2 |
| 45 to 64 | 36.5 |
| ≥65 | 44.3 |
| Gender | |
| male | 51.9 |
| female | 48.1 |
| Race | |
| white | 50.9 |
| black | 39.0 |
| other | 10.1 |
| Former or current smoker | 32.3 |
| Cause of ESRD | |
| diabetes | 32.5 |
| hypertension | 30.0 |
| glomerulonephritis | 13.7 |
| other | 23.8 |
| Duration of ESRD (yr) | |
| <1.0 | 30.5 |
| 1.0 to 4.9 | 49.5 |
| 5.0 to 9.9 | 13.7 |
| ≥10.0 | 6.3 |
| Previous renal transplantation | 7.1 |
| Body mass index (kg/m2) | |
| <18.5 | 5.8 |
| 18.5 to 24.9 | 43.7 |
| 25.0 to 29.9 | 23.9 |
| ≥30.0 | 16.7 |
| missing | 9.9 |
| Kt/V | |
| <1.0 | 18.7 |
| 1.0 to 1.1 | 23.1 |
| 1.2 to 1.3 | 19.2 |
| ≥1.4 | 15.1 |
| missing | 23.9 |
| Albumin (g/dl) | |
| ≤3.4 | 20.1 |
| 3.5 to 3.7 | 21.9 |
| 3.8 to 3.9 | 18.4 |
| 4.0 to 4.1 | 14.4 |
| >4.1 | 14.7 |
| missing | 10.5 |
| Hemoglobin (g/dl) | |
| ≤8.8 | 19.3 |
| 8.9 to 9.7 | 19.3 |
| 9.8 to 10.4 | 18.0 |
| 10.5 to 11.2 | 17.5 |
| >11.2 | 17.5 |
| missing | 8.4 |
| Calcium (mg/dl) | |
| ≤8.7 | 18.5 |
| 8.8 to 9.2 | 18.1 |
| 9.3 to 9.6 | 18.1 |
| 9.7 to 10.2 | 18.1 |
| >10.2 | 17.8 |
| missing | 9.4 |
| Phosphorus (mg/dl) | |
| ≤4.4 | 19.7 |
| 4.5 to 5.3 | 17.2 |
| 5.4 to 6.3 | 18.7 |
| 6.4 to 7.5 | 16.9 |
| >7.5 | 18.0 |
| missing | 9.5 |
| Calcium × phosphorus product (mg2/dl2) | |
| ≤40.9 | 18.0 |
| 41.0–50.1 | 18.0 |
| 50.2–59.2 | 18.0 |
| 59.3–71.0 | 18.0 |
| > 71.0 | 18.0 |
| missing | 10.0 |
| Parathyroid hormone (pg/dl) | |
| ≤37 | 13.1 |
| 38 to 99 | 12.7 |
| 100 to 210 | 12.7 |
| 211 to 480 | 12.8 |
| >480 | 12.8 |
| missing | 35.9 |
| Comorbid conditions | |
| diabetes mellitus | 40.7 |
| coronary artery diseasea | 36.7 |
| congestive heart failure | 39.7 |
| stroke or transient ischemic attack | 16.3 |
| peripheral vascular disease | 24.5 |
| malignancy | 9.4 |
| chronic lung disease | 12.5 |
↵a History of coronary artery disease included one of the following: Angina, coronary artery disease, abnormal angiogram, angioplasty, coronary artery bypass grafting, and myocardial infarction.