Baseline demographics and study outcomes stratified by kidney disease statusa
| Characteristic | CKD(n = 1549; 7.6%) | Non-CKD(n = 18,809; 92.4%) |
|---|---|---|
| Demographics | ||
| age (yr) | 70.2 ± 10.3 | 58.3 ± 9.7 |
| black race | 214 (13.8%) | 4589 (24.4%) |
| female gender | 883 (57.0%) | 10,490 (55.8%) |
| high school graduate | 1072 (69.4%) | 14,183 (75.6%) |
| CHS cohort | 1137 (73.4%) | 4306 (22.9%) |
| Medical history | ||
| diabetes | 278 (17.9%) | 2159 (11.5%) |
| hypertension | 1139 (73.5%) | 8220 (43.7%) |
| coronary disease | 226 (14.6%) | 968 (5.2%) |
| hypertension medication | 947 (61.1%) | 6043 (32.1%) |
| cigarette use | 214 (13.8%) | 4338 (23.1%) |
| alcohol use | 732 (47.4%) | 10,379 (55.4%) |
| Physical findings | ||
| SBP (mmHg) | 135.2 ± 23.7 | 124.5 ± 20.3 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 71.5 ± 12.0 | 73.1 ± 11.4 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 27.2 ± 4.6 | 27.3 ± 5.1 |
| LVH | 92 (6.2%) | 445 (2.4%) |
| Laboratory results | ||
| serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.8 ± 0.2 |
| eGFR (ml/min per 1.73 m2) | 51.2 ± 8.4 | 92.2 ± 19.2 |
| serum albumin (g/dl) | 3.9 ± 0.3 | 3.9 ± 0.3 |
| non-HDL cholesterol (mg/dl) | 163.9 ± 44.1 | 161.2 ± 42.9 |
| hemoglobin (g/dl) | 13.8 ± 1.6 | 13.9 ± 1.4 |
| Outcomes | ||
| all-cause stroke | 191 (12.3%) | 838 (4.5%) |
| ischemic stroke | 163 (10.5%) | 712 (3.8%) |
| hemorrhagic stroke | 22 (1.4%) | 107 (0.6%) |
| follow-up time (mo) | 105.6 (59.6) | 111.1 (22.1) |
| stroke rateb | 16.1 | 5.0 |
↵a Categorical variables are presented as n (%) and continuous variables as mean ± SD except follow-up time, which is median (interquartile range). Because of missing data, not all rows add to 20,358. All P values were statistically significant (P < 0.05) except female gender and BMI. BMI, body mass index; CHD, Cardiovascular Health Study; CKD, chronic kidney disease; DBP, diastolic BP; eGFR, estimated GFR; LVH, left ventricular hypertrophy; SBP, systolic BP.
↵b Stroke rate refers to incident strokes per 1000 person-years.