Univariate odds of incident kidney stone formation in postmenopausal women in the WHI Observational Study
| Variable | HR (95% CI) | P Value |
|---|---|---|
| BMI (kg/m2) | <0.001 | |
| <18.5 kg/m2 (underweight) | 0.78 (0.48 to 1.29) | |
| 18.5–24.9 kg/m2 (normal weight) | Reference | |
| 25–29.9 kg/m2 (overweight) | 1.37 (1.24 to 1.52) | |
| 30–34.9 kg/m2 (moderately obese) | 1.84 (1.64 to 2.07) | |
| ≥35 kg/m2 (severely obese) | 2.23 (1.96 to 2.54) | |
| Any physical activity | 0.65 (0.59 to 0.72) | <0.001 |
| Physical activity | <0.001 | |
| Inactive | Reference | |
| 0.1–4.9 METs/wk | 0.83 (0.73 to 0.94) | |
| 5–9.9 METs/wk | 0.72 (0.63 to 0.82) | |
| 10–19.9 METs/wk | 0.59 (0.52 to 0.67) | |
| 20–29.9 METs/wk | 0.54 (0.46 to 0.63) | |
| ≥30 METs/wk | 0.55 (0.46 to 0.64) | |
| Raw energy intake | <0.001 | |
| <1800 kcal/d | 1.05 (0.91 to 1.22) | |
| 1800–1999 kcal/d | Reference | |
| 2000–2199 kcal/d | 1.16 (0.94 to 1.43) | |
| 2200–2499 kcal/d | 1.14 (0.92 to 1.41) | |
| ≥2500 kcal/d | 1.59 (1.31 to 1.93) | |
| Calibrated energy intake (kcalories per day) | <0.001 | |
| <1800 kcal/d | 1.20 (0.91 to 1.58) | |
| 1800–1999 kcal/d | Reference | |
| 2000–2199 kcal/d | 0.98 (0.87 to 1.10) | |
| 2200–2499 kcal/d | 1.38 (1.23 to 1.55) | |
| ≥2500 kcal/d | 1.79 (1.49 to 2.14) |